Professional Education Set S

1. The Philippine Elementary School Curriculum gives greater emphasis on the development of basic skills like reading, writing, and arithmetic. What is the philosophical basis for this?
A. Pragmatism C. Essentialism

B. Perennialism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION: C. Essentialism. Essentialism - is an educational theory rooted in classical realism and idealism which advocates curricular reform stressing the essentials of the basics like the 3R's.

Pragmatism- is regarded as an American philosophy whose various forms advocate experimentalism,
instrumentalism, functionalism, and practicalism and their curricular offerings imply a wide range of subject areas.
Pereninialism- is a traditional educational theory that puts premium on eternal truth as contained in the "Great Books".
Existentialism - personalizes knowledge to the individual. The person chooses the knowledge that he deems is relevant to his process of becoming to realize his essence.

2. Teacher H asks one of her students, “What do you want to become when you grow up?” This
question is an indication of what kind of philosophy? A. Progressivism C. Existentialism
B. Naturalism D. Idealism

RATIONALIZATION: D - Idealism. Idealism is the answer because it stresses the existence of ideas independent from the material world. Ideas that which exist in the mind are the only reality.

3. Teacher X has not only explained the concept of Philosophy of Education but also imparted this to her students. This demonstrates what kind of philosophy?
A. Naturalism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Perennialism

RATIONALIZATION: C - Realism. Realism concerns with what is real, actual. For ideas to be realized, they must be transferred or demonstrated.

4. In his class, Teacher M always presents principles and values so as to encourage his students to examine them and decide for themselves whether to accept them or not. What kind of philosophy does he practice?
A. Idealism C. Humanism
B. Essentialism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION: D - Existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes subjectivity, freedom and responsibility.

5. When a teacher emphasizes that man’s sense should be trusted because they are the only
way to acquire knowledge, the teacher can be regarded as . A. Naturalist C. Empiricist
B. Realist D. Pragmatist

RATIONALIZATION: C -Empiricism. Empiricism upholds that the only source of knowledge is the senses and sense-based experience.

6. Teacher K views her pupils as unique, free choosing, and responsible individuals. She plans activities where the pupil can develop his unique personality. What theory underlies this nature of the pupil?
A. Realism C. Existentialism
B. Essentialism D. Progressivism

RATIONALIZATION: C. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of subjectivity of self hood whose fundamental doctrine proclaims man’s freedom in the accomplishment of his destiny. In this case, emphasis is given on the students rather than on the curriculum content.

7. "Learning is the process of retrieving prior learning", this is a statement from _.

A. Constructivist C. Progressivist
B. Reconstructivist D. Empiricist

RATIONALIZATION: A. Constructivist. As defined, Constructivism is a philosophy of learning which asserts that reality does not exist outside of the human conceptions. It is the individual that construct reality by reflecting on his own experience and gives meaning to it. It is founded on the premise that by reflecting on our own experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. Therefore, learning is simply the process of adjusting our mental modes to accommodate new experiences.

8. Teacher U teaches to his pupils that pleasure is not the highest good. Teacher's teaching is against what philosophy?
A. Realism C. Epicureanism
B. Hedonism D. Empiricism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Hedonism. Epicureanism is just a form of Hedonism. Hedonism is the general, Epicureanism is the specific. Always select the general answer.

9. After listening to the homily of the Priest about fidelity, Catherine has a moment of reflection. Her understanding of the value of fidelity has become deeper as she related this to her past experience. This typifies what kind of philosophy?
A. Constructivism C. Humanism
B. Reconstructivism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Constructivism. Constructivism is a philosophy of learning which asserts that reality does not exist outside the human conceptions. It is the individual who construct reality by reflecting on his own experience and gives meaning to it.

10. After studying the Principle of Identity, Teacher W asks her students to determine which among the given set of problems conforms to the said identity. This shows that Teacher W upholds what kind of Philosophy?
A. Perennialism C. Essentialism
B. Progressivism D. Naturalism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Progressivism. Progressivism is a philosophy of learning by doing things.

11. Thea listened to the advice given by her sister to end the relationship that she has with Gilbert. However, her sister learned that the advice she has given was not followed and Thea decided to continue the relationship. This action of Thea is a manifestation of what kind of philosophy?
A. Essentialism C. Perennialism
B. Existentialism D. Humanism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of subjectivity of selfhood
and proclaims man’s freedom in the accomplishment of his destiny.

12. After finishing the degree in Education, Teacher M learns that learning never stops. In fact, she accumulates more knowledge after leaving the portal of her alma mater. This typifies what kind of philosophy?
A. Constructivism C. Progressivism
B. Perennialism D. Humanism

RATIONALIZATION: C. Progressivism. Progressivism connotes change, growth and development. It is an active form of philosophy for it continues to evolve.

13. Matilda is an advocate of the principle “making the most of your life”. She is indeed an
advocate of what kind of philosophy?
A. Humanism C. Realism
B. Perennialism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Humanism. Humanism is a philosophy that stresses to “live life to the fullest”.

14. Teacher X is a very dedicated teacher in the nursery. Her foremost concern is for students to learn how to adapt themselves in the environment. This shows that Teacher X upholds what kind of philosophy?
A. Naturalism C. Progressivism
B. Pragmatism D. Rationalism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Naturalism. Naturalism aims to unfold the child’s potential, not to prepare him for a definite vocation or social position but to prepare him to adapt to the changing times and needs.

15. Teacher J serves as an inspiration to his students because of his efficiency and effectiveness as a teacher. The mind set of his students towards him/her is an instance of what kind of philosophy?
A. Realism `C. Nationalism
B. Idealism D. Constructivism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Idealism. Idealism is a philosophy which asserts that what’s in the mind is the only reality. In this situation, the teacher inspires his/her students through the values that he/she possessed. Values are absolute are told to belong in realm of ideas. Hence, these are considered as ideas that exist only in the mind.

16. John learns well through active interplay with others. His learning increases when engaged in activities that has meaning in him. Which philosophy can describe this?
A. Progressivism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Empiricism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Progressivism. Progressivism is a philosophy of hands of learning or experiential learning. “Learning by doing”. Learning is based from the questions of one’s experience of the world. Hence, it is the learner himself who thinks, solves, and gives meaning through his individual experiences.

17. Your teacher is of the opinion that the world and everything in it are ever changing and so teaches you the skill to cope with the changes. Which in his governing philosophy?
A. Experimentalism C. Idealism
B. Existentialism D. Realism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Experimentalism. Experimentalism believes that things are constantly changing. It is based on the view that reality is what works right now and that goodness comes from group decisions. As a result, schools exist to discover and expand the society we live in. Students study social experiences and solve problems.

18. Principal C shares this thought with his teachers: "Subject matter should help students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings, and actions." From which philosophy is this thought based? / Teacher V teaches her students to appreciate themselves as unique individuals and are to accept the responsibility to their feelings, actions and thoughts. She upholds the philosophy of
A. Perennialism C. Existentialism
B. Essentialism D. Progressivism

RATIONALIZATION: C. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of subjectivity of selfhood
and proclaims man’s freedom in the accomplishment of his destiny.

19. Teacher H class is engage in problem solving activity which in a way is a reflection of the personal and social experiences. The purpose of this activity is for the students to acquire the skills that can help them in solving their own real-life problems. What philosophy can best describe this?
A. Realism C. Progressivism
B. Idealism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION: C. Progressivism. Progressivism connotes growth and development. In this manner learning comes best when things are being experienced, that is learning by doing things. It involves participation of the students and allows them to exercise freedom.

20. In the Social Science class of Teacher G, students identify the various social and economic problems that require urgent solutions. They not only discuss the ways to address it but also agreed to participate in solving them. What kind of philosophy does this class uphold?
A. Naturalism C. Progressivism
B. Constructivism D. Reconstructivism

RATIONALIZATION: D. Reconstructivism. Reconstructivism covers the underlying factors that constitute reality or society. In this regard, students are encourage to become involved in the problems whether political, social, or economical that confront the society and be able to arrive at solutions in order to reconstruct society.

21. A curriculum should only include those that have survived the test of time and combine the symbols of literature, history, and mathematics. Thus, curriculum like this contains values that are constant and universal. What philosophy describes this kind of curriculum?
A. Idealism C. Humanism
B. Perennialism D. Essentialism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Perennialism. Perennialism maintains that education involves confronting the problems and questions that have challenged people over the centuries. Thus there is a need to study classical tradition of great books.

22. Who among the following puts more emphasis on core requirements, longer school day, longer academic year and more challenging textbooks?
A. Perennialist C. Progressivist
B. Essentialist D. Existentialist

RATIONALIZATION: B. Essentialist. Essentialism is an educational theory rooted in classical realism and idealism which advocates curricular reform stressing the essentials of the basics like the 3R's.

23. “Education is a continuous process of experiencing and of visiting or reorganizing
experiences “according to a Progressivist. What does it mean?
A. Education begins and ends in school.
B. Education takes place anytime and anywhere. C. Education happens formally and informally.
D. Education goes on throughout life.

RATIONALIZATION: D. Education goes on throughout life. Progressivism connotes growth and development. It is an active form of philosophy for it continues to evolve.

24. Mr. Cruz exemplifies an ideal teacher and son. He is competent in his field based on the various recognitions that he received from his school. As a dutiful son, he assumes all the responsibilities of raising his family (this includes his parents, siblings, and their own families) – giving all their needs and wants. The fulfilment of these is the neglect of the responsibilities to himself. This attitude of Mr. Cruz is against what kind of philosophy?
A. Existentialism C. Pragmatism
B. Constructivism D. Humanism

RATIONALIZATION: D. Humanism. Humanism stresses personal culture, individual freedom, and development (the best way towards full and rich lives).

25. Teacher R ensures to put a certain amount of his monthly earnings in the bank. At the end of the school year, he used all his savings in visiting places rich of cultural heritages rather than of buying expensive clothes, jewellery, and latest gadgets. Favoring the former action over the latter exhibits that Teacher R follows what kind of philosophy?
A. Existentialism C. Behaviorism
B. Essentialism D. Progressivism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophy that gives a person the freedom to choose. It is a philosophy of subjectivity.

26. Teacher R ensures to put a certain amount of his monthly earnings in the bank. At the end of the school year, he used all his savings in visiting places rich of cultural heritages rather than of buying expensive clothes, jewellery, and latest gadgets. This shows that Teacher R is an advocate of what kind of philosophy?
A. Pragmatism C. Naturalism
B. Perennialism D. Essentialism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Perennialism. Perennialism views education as a recurring process based on eternal truths. Good education involves a search for and understanding of truth which can all be found in the great works of civilization.

27. Teacher X rates the art work of her students not just on the merit of its appeal to the senses but also considers its uniqueness and the responsibility that every student has given in accomplishing the task. This practice shows how Teacher X upholds this kind of philosophy:
A. Realism C. Idealism
B. Reconstructivism D. Existentialism

RATIONALIZATION: D. Existentialism. Conceives philosophy as something that is felt by an individual because it’s concrete in itself or based on what is concrete. There is also personal involvement in this kind of philosophy.

28. In line with the philosophy of Reconstructivism, which of the following should be given emphasis in teaching?
A. To seek a better position in the society
B. To compare oneself with the less fortunate
C. To become economically self-reliant
D. To designate one’s superiority over the others

RATIONALIZATION: C. To become economically self-reliant. Reconstructivism aims to achieve social changes. This is a philosophy that entails the identification of social problems, finding solutions for this and be a part of the solution.

29. Joining organizations or clubs in school is requisite to granting of academic distinction under DECS Order No. 65, s. 1998. This shows school community connection reflected in activities geared towards society's needs. What philosophy is related to this? / Activities planned by
school clubs or organizations show school-community connection geared towards society's needs. What philosophy is related to this?
A. Realism C. Existentialism
B. Progressivism D. Reconstructivism

RATIONALIZATION: D. Reconstructivism. Reconstructivism aims to achieve social changes. This is a philosophy that entails the identification of social problems, finding solutions for this and be a part of the solution.

30. Increase of time allotment in English, Math and Science in the Elementary level under the New Elementary School Curriculum (NESC) as provided in DECS Order No. 1, s. 1993 contributes in the culturation of basic literacy by providing the needed essential skills. The related philosophy is .
A. Realism C. Idealism
B. Essentialism D. Perennialism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Essentialism. Essentialism is an educational theory rooted in classical realism and idealism which advocates curricular reform stressing the essentials of the basics like the 3R's.

31. Teacher A believes that the learner is the product of his environment. Sometimes he has no choice. He/she is determined by his environment.
A. Rationalist C. Existentialist
B. Behaviorist D. Progressivist

RATIONALIZATION: B. Behaviorist. A behaviourist believes that human behaviour can be best explained in terms of responses to external stimuli. Also, education can be best achieved by modifying or changing student behaviours in a socially acceptable manner through the arrangement of the conditions for learning. The control is obtained not by manipulating the individual, but the environment.

32. The curriculum is viewed as a means of developing desirable habits. It is recommended that the way /means to form these habits is through the mastery of organized subject matter. Which philosophy is behind this educational view?
A. Naturalism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Pragmatism

RATIONALIZATION: C. Realism. This educative process is viewed mainly as the transmission of information and knowledge. The curriculum has the function of forming the body and this interrelationship gives rise to the dictum "sound mind in a sound body."

33. Teachers in school perform the role and responsibility of parents in the development and education of the child. This stems from the belief that the home is the primary agency in the education of the individual. Thus, teachers are regarded as surrogate parents along the loco parentis principle. Which philosophy espouses this view of education?
A. Pragmatism C. Idealism
B. Naturalism D. Realism

RATIONALIZATION: B. Naturalism - the school is seen as the extension of home and teachers are deemed "surrogate parents".

34. This philosophy believes that students need a passionate encounter with the positive and negative phases of life like the joy and agony of love, desirability of life, the inevitability of death, the anguish of freedom and the consequences of choices and actions. Which philosophy advocates this view in education?
A. Existentialism C. Essentialism
B. Perennialism D. Realism

RATIONALIZATION: A. Existentialism - it is a modern school of thought that grew out of the thoughts of European philosophers , particularly from Soren Kierkegaard, who believes that the central problem humanity is facing is the ability to cope with its existence.

35. The teacher should provide for shared experiences in the classroom that fosters cooperative learning rather than competitive learning. Scientific means of inquiry complements such atmosphere. Which theory advocates this view?
A. Existentialism C. Perennialism
B. Essentialism D. Progressivism

36. This philosophy believes that ideas are inherent in the invidual. This explains the nature of the Socratic dialogue in teaching, where the teacher asks questions to wring out the ideas innate in the learner. Which school of thought has advocated this belief?
A. Naturalism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Pragmatism

37. Teacher B believes that the learner can choose what he can become despite his environment.
A. Rationalist C. Existentialist
B. Behaviorist D. Progressivist

38. Teacher F is convinced that whenever a student performs a desired behavior, provided reinforcement and soon the student will learn to perform the behavior on his own. On which principle is Teacher F's conviction based?
A. Cognitivism C. Behaviorism
B. Environmentalism D. Constructivism

39. Changes in the T.H.E takes care of the cognitive needs of students. It also emphasizes the use of project method as implied in DECS Order No. 91, s. 1998. The related philosophy is
A. Realism C. Progressivism
B. Existentialism D. Reconstructivism

40. DECS Order No. 13 s. 1998 entitled "Revised rules and regulations on the teaching of religion" is emphasizing the development of one's spirituality and moral. What philosophy is related to it?
A. Realism C. Essentialism
B. Idealism D. Progressivism

41. DECS Order No. 57 s. 1998 entitled "Clarification on the changes in the Social Studies programs" offers Economics in 3rd year instead of 4th year. The change hopefully will provide the needed social reform in alleviating the condition of poverty. What philosophy addresses this concern?
A. Realism C. Essentialism
B. Existentialism D. Reconstructivism

42. DECS Order No. 54, s. 1995 entitled "War on Waste" helps students realize their role in the conservation of nation's resources. This also helps instil discipline among them.
What philosophy is related to this?
A. Realism C. Perennialism
B. Essentialism D. Reconstructivism

43. Which philosophy has the educational objective to indoctrinate Filipinos to accept the teachings of the Catholic church which is to foster faith in God?
A. Realism C. Idealism
B. Pragmatism D. Existentialism

44. Virtue as one component in the teaching of Rizal as a course focuses on the teaching of good and beauty consistent with the good and beauty in God. What philosophy supports this?
A. Existentialism C. Progressivism
B. Idealism D. Reconstructivism

45. Scouting and Citizens Army Training (CAT) give training in character building, citizenship training, etc. which leads to the creation of new social order and a new society eventually. What philosophy supports this?
A. Existentialism C. Progressivism
B. Perennialism D. Reconstructivism

46. Teacher V demonstrated the technique on how to group students according to their needs and interests and how to use self-paced instructional materials. Which philosophy is manifested in this activity?
A. Essentialism C. Realism
B. Progressivism D. Reconstructivism

47. Teacher G, a Christian Living teacher, puts so much significance on values development and discipline, what could be her educational philosophy?
A. Idealism C. Progressivism
B. Pragmatism D. Realism

48. What philosophy is related to the practice of schools acting as laboratory for teaching reforms and experimentation?
A. Essentialism C. Progressivism
B. Existentialism D. Reconstructivism

49. What philosophy of education advocates that the curriculum should only include universal and unchanging truths?
A. Essentialism C. Perennialism
B. Idealism D. Pragmatism

50. Which philosophy of education influence the singing of the National anthem in schools?

A. Nationalism C. Pragmatism
B. Naturalism D. Socialism

51. Who among the following believes that learning requires disciplined attention, regular homework, and respect for legitimate authority?
A. Essentialist C. Realist
B. Progressivist D. Reconstructivist

52. Teacher G says: "If it is billiard that brings students out of the classroom, let us bring it into the classroom. Perhaps, I can use it to teach Math." To which philosophy does Teacher G adhere?
A. Essentialism C. Progressivism
B. Idealism D. Reconstructivism

53. Which philosophy influenced the cultivation of reflective and meditative skills in teaching?

A. Confucianism C. Taoism
B. Existentialism D. Zen Buddhism

54. “Specialization is knowing more and more about less and less”. It is better to be a generalist claims Teacher R. What philosophy does she uphold?
A. Essentialism C. Progressivism
B. Existentialism D. Pragmatism

55. “Everything changes” explains the teacher. This entails readiness to accept challenges in life and be ready to address it. What kind of philosophy can this be attributed?
A. Realism C. Behaviorism
B. Materialism D. Rationalism

56. “Life is what you make it”, exemplifies best what is :
A. Existentialist C. Idealist
B. Humanist D. Realist

57. If Teacher V believes that learning also takes place in having interaction with the environment, this teacher can be regarded as:
A. Pragmatist C. Realist
B. Empricist D. Herbalist

58. Teacher Q is concerned more on conceptual matters since reality is mental. She upholds this kind of philosophy:
A. Empiricism C. Idealism
B. Realism D. Progressivism

59. Teacher W is known in giving great importance on humanistic education. Which of the following will depict this trait?
A. Developing students into thinking individuals
B. Making students civilized, distinctly educated and refined
C. Giving the students the freedom to choose and decide for themselves
D. Teaching the students the different works of civilization

60. To come closer to the truth we need to "go back to the things themselves." This is the advice of the .
A. Behaviorists C. Idealists
B. Phenomenologists D. Pragmatists

61. Which group of philosophers maintain that "truth exists in an objective order that is independent of the knower"? / Teacher D believes that "truth exists in an objective order and independent of the knower".
She is considered .
A. Idealists C. Existentialists
B. Pragmatists D. Realists

62. Edukasyong Kagandahang Asal at Wastong Pag-uugali (EKAWP) is integrated in the New Elementary School Curriculum. Which philosophy supports the teaching of EKAWP in the elementary school?
A. Taoism C. Hinduism
B. Buddhism D. Confucianism

63. Who is most likely to advise you to modify your classroom environment in such a way that your pupils will be motivated to learn?
A. Humanist C. Cognitivist
B. Behaviorist D. Existentialist

64. You arrive at knowledge by re-thinking of latent ideas. From whom does this thought come? A. Experimentalist C. Idealist
B. Realist D. Existentialist

65. If a student believes in this passage "One cannot see perfection but i long for it" then, the
student can be regarded as Student B claims: "I cannot see perfection but I long for it.
So it must be real." Under which group can he be classified?
A. Idealist D. Pragmatist E. Humanist
B. Empiricist C. Realist

66. If a teacher would say that honesty is still an important value even if no one values it, the teacher can be regarded as .
A. Realist C. Idealist
B. Empiricist D. Positivist

Professional Education
1. Which of the following is a mark of a good teacher?
A. Has the control of the class
B. Has the mastery of the lesson
C. Has the capability to implement corporal punishment
D. Has the habit of preparing for visual aids
Answer: A. The control of the class is a mark of a good teacher. As stated by Glasser (1984): control is necessary for the psychological balance in one's life. It is a common trait of human beings to what control in their lives. In schools this is carried to such an extent that discipline us often seen as synonymous with control.

2. The Four Pillars of Education started with the report entitled Learning the Treasure Within. The report is about
A. Insights into education for the 21st century
B. Insights into education for the 20th century
C. Insights for the education for 19th century
D. Insights for the education for the 18th century
Answer: A. Insight into education for 21st century. The report stresses that each individual must be equipped to seize learning opportunities throughout life: broaden one's knowledge, skills and attitudes, and adapt to a changing complex and interdependent world.

3. "Learning is the process of retrieving prior learning", this is a statement from a
A. Constructivist C. Progressivist
B. Reconstructivist D. Idealist
Answer: A. Constructivist. As defined, constructivism is a philosophy of learning which asserts that reality does not exist outside of human conceptions. It is the individual that construct reality by reflecting on his own experience and gives meaning to it. It is founded on the premise that by reflecting on our own experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. Therefore, learning is simply the process of adjusting our mental modes to accommodate new experiences.

4. The failure in the test of independence among Filipino students can be attributed to
A. Lack of skills C. High degree of dependence to authority
B. Strong family ties D. All of the above
Answer: C. High dependence to authority is a prevalent attitude among Filipinos. This trait most of the time is hindrance to his growth and development. This can cause him to feel insecure and eventually to have lack of belief towards himself for he thinks that only the authority is capable of making good decisions.

5. Jerome Bruner is known for this principle
A. Banking concept in education C. Spiral curriculum in education
B. Dichotomy method in education D. None of the above

Answer: C. Spiral curriculum in education means revisiting basic ideas building on the students until they had grasped the full formal concepts.

6. Teacher Harold brought a hamster in the class during a lecture about mammals. The hamster is a device commonly known as REALIA. Teacher can bring Realia ONLY when __________.
A. Available C. Affordable
B. Feasible D. Workable
Answer: B. Realia are only brought to the classroom when feasible. Feasible in this sense is defined as both "safety and available". Teachers should not bring snake if the topic is about reptiles because in this case it is not feasible.

7. Teacher Emmanuel requires his students to memorize the poem "Mi Ultimo Adios" but they do not actually know the meaning of the poem. This traditional technique which turns the students into "tiny parrots" is exhibited when teachers use______________________________?
A. 2x4x8 Concept Teaching C. Direct Instruction Technique
B. Textbook Technique D. Rote Learning Technique
Answer: D. Rote learning is commonly known as "repeat after me" teaching thus making students like tiny parrots.

8. Edward de Bono is famous for this instructional innovation ______________________________.
A. Six Thinking Hats C. Understanding by Design
B. Graphic Organizers D. 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
Answer: A. Edward de Bono is a modern educator who came up with educational reforms like Six Thinking Hats (wherein students wear color coded hats to focus on a particular area) and AGO ( aims, goals and objectives).

9. Among the following educators, who proposed the placement of children in a "prepared environment"?
A. Thorndike C. Kilpatrick
B. Montessori D. Froebel

Answer: B. Aside from advocating early childhood education, Montessori believed that children should be placed in prepared environment.

10. B.F. Skinner is a known psychologist and the one who first describe operant conditioning. Which of the following techniques is an application of operant conditioning?
A. Master learning C. Computer-assisted instruction
B. Project method D. Process approach
Answer: C. One of the rationales behind the use of technology is Motivation. Using computer-assisted instruction, students perceive this as a reward to them. Operant conditioning is referred to as instrumental conditioning. Computers are instruments for students' motivation.

11. In the Basic Education Curriculum in 2002, MAKABAYAN was envisioned to be __________________.
A. The laboratory of life C. The combined subject
B. The history of life D. The tool for the 21st century
Answer: A. In the Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) which is pilot tested nationwide in yeae 2002 under DepEd Order No. 43 s. 2002, the 5th subject which is MAKABAYAN is intended to be an avenue of life learning.

12. The understanding by design curricular approach, the first consideration is about _______________.
A. Learning experiences C. Desired results
B. Testing of knowledge D. Teaching strategies
Answer: C.The UBD's philosophy is "Begin with the end in mind." Results are of utmost important in this curricular approach.

13. The Centers for Excellence in Teacher Education in the Philippines was created by _________________.
A. RA No. 7784 C. RA No. 7791
B. RA No. 7836 D. RA No. 9917
Answer: A. Republic Act No. 7784 is entitled An Act to Strengthen Teacher Education in the Philippines by Establishing Centers of Excellence, Creating a Teacher Education Concil for the Purpose, Appropriating Funds Therefor, And for Other Purposes.

14. The revised policies and standards for undergraduate teacher Education Curriculum which is the current requirement before one is qualified to take the licensure examination is ____________________.
A. CMO No. 30, s 2004 C. CMO No. 20 s, 2005
B. CMO Mo. 31, s 2005 D. CMO No. 21, s 2004
Answer: A. The Teacher Education Council revised the teacher education.

15. The best device in the classroom is
A. Blackboard C. Realia
B. Chart D. Teacher
Answer: D. Device cannot teach by itself, therefore the teacher is still the BEST device.

16. This theorist proposed that human activity is based on association and response.
A. Sigmund Freud C. B.F. Skinner
B. Ivan Pavlov D. Edward Thorndike
Answer: D. Edward Thorndike is the main proponent of S-R ( stimulus response) theory. He also advocated the 3 laws of learning (Exercise, Readiness and Effect). Freud is the main proponent of Psychosexual Development Theory, Pavlov is the one behind the Classical Conditioning Theory while BF Skinner is the proponent of Operant Conditioning Theory.

17. According to Kübler-Ross, when faced with death, the most common order of emotional reactions is
A. anger, depression, bargaining, denial, acceptance
B. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
C. anger, depression, denial, bargaining, acceptance
D. depression, anger, denial, bargaining, acceptance
Answer: B. This is the correct order of emotional reaction.

18. According to Kohlberg, conforming for the expectations of others or to socially accepted rules and values describes a person at the _______________ level of morality.
A. obedience C. postconventional
B. concrete D. conventional
Answer: D. Conventionally morality is the second stage of Moral Development wherein a person simply conforms to expectations.

19. When a person's moral choices are determined by the direct consequences of actions, he is most like in the stage of
A. preconventional C. Concrete
B. conventional D. postconventional
Answer: A. Preconventional is the first stage of Moral Development wherein the person is simply guided by " punishment and obedience".

20. Toilet training is the central activity during stage of development according to Erikson
A. identity versus role confession C. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
B. iniative versus guilt D. intimacy versus isolation
Answer: C. Autonomy vs shame and doubt is corollary to Freud's Anal Stage that is why toilet training is a central activity.

21. What is the most likely characteristic of children aged 3 to 5 according Erickson?
A. Mischievous C. Lazy
B. Ego-centric D. Altruistic
Answer: B. Children aged 3-5 (Pre-operational stage according to Piaget) are characterized by Egocentrism according to Erikson. Egocentrism denotes a tendency of a child to only think from her or his own point of view.

22. A child who has always fight with his/her classmates, who has a very short attention span, and who has frequent tantrums is believed to be suffering from:
A. Mental retardation is belived C. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Syndrome
B. Down syndrome D. Learning disability
Answer: C. ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is characterized by short attention span, irritability, frequent tantrums, disregard for consequence and overly active behaviour.

23. The following are characteristics of ADHD EXCEPT
A. Hyperactivity C. Inattention
B. Focus D. Impulsivity
Answer: B. ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is not characterized by ability to focus.

24. The concept that learning to read or write does not happen quickly but is built upon many small steps that occur over the course of the child's early childhood.
A. emergent literacy C. innate literacy
B. functional literacy D. academic literacy
Answer: A. Emergent literacy begins with activities that happen naturally in the home such as talking with and reading with the child, then continues in the classroom with more formalized strategies to encourage reading and writing.

25. The school director emphasizes the necessity of clean and green environment to contribute to effective teaching and learning. This is an example of:
A. Providing an atmosphere conducive to learning
B. Providing adequate physical facilities
C. Utilize educational technology
D. Establish rapport between teachers and pupils
Answer: A. One of the ways to provide a conducive atmosphere to learn is to emphasize on a clean and green program. Studies show that a clean environment provides better learning among students.

27. Teacher Rea is a very dedicated teacher in the nursery. Her foremost concern is for the students to learn how to adapt themselves in the environment. This shows that Teacher Rea upholds this what kind of philosophy?
A. Naturalism B. Progressivism
C. Pragmatism D. Idealism
Answer : Naturalism aims to unfold the child's potential and not to prepare for a definite vocation or social position. It prepare him to adapt to the changing time and needs.

28. What school of philosophy asserts the scientific knowledge is final?
A. Idealism C. Essentialism
B. Existentialism D. Naturalism
Answer : D - Naturalism is philosophical problems that interprets them tractable through the methods of the empirical sciences or at least,without at distinctivedistinctively a priori project of theorizing.

29. Teacher Ray serves as an inspiration to his students because of his efficiency and effectiveness as a teacher. The mind set of students towards him is an instance of what kind of philosophy?
A. Realism                C . Naturalism
B. Idealism               D. Humanism
Answer : B- Idealism is a philosophy which asserts that what is in the mind is only reality.
30. Ms.Sotto,a Christian living teacher puts so much significant on values development and discipline. What could be her educational philosophy?
A. Idealism                                 C. Realism
B. Pragmatism                          D. Progressivism
Answer : Idealism because religious and values

31. Which philosophy proclaims the spiritual nature of man and stresses that the human spirit,soul or mind are the most important element in life?
A . Perennialism C. Existentialism
B. Idealism D. Essentialism Answer : B

32. The teacher who teaches of numbers first before multiplication is aware of educational philosophy which is?
A . Essentialism C. Reconstructivism
B. Idealism D. Existentialism
Answer : A- Essentialism is subject centered / 4R's ( reading, writing, arithmetic & right conduct )

33.This is not to radically reshape society,what kind of philosophy?
A. Constructivism      C . Idealism
B. Essentialism           D. Humanism                                                                              Answer : B

34. The educational philosophy which applies that certain subjects are necessary to be taken of the rest to facilitate learning is
A. Progressivism     C. Perennialism
B. Essentialism        D. Realism                                                                                                        Answer : B

35. The department of education gives greater emphasis on the development of basic skills. What is the philosophical basis for this?
A. Essentialism C. Progressivism
B. Constructivism D. Perennialism
Answer : A - Essentialism back to basic,base on experience,freedom of choice and permanent thing and ideas.

36. Class schedule,list of competencies to master,and uniform class requirements belong to a school governed by the educational philosophy?
A. Progressivism    C. Essentialism
B. Perennialism     D. Existentialism                                                                            Answer : C

37. Which philosophy emphasize the authority of the teachers and value of subject matter curriculum?
A. Idealism                                 C. Perennialism
B. Essentialism                         D. Realism
Answer : B -Essentialism it is subject -centered,the teachers focuses his/ her philosophy this aim is to promote the intellectual growth of the students.

38. Students respond to various stimuli and response to internally and externally ,what kind of philosophy?
A. Idealism C. Pragmatism
B. Behaviorism D. Essentialism Answer : B

39. Which educational philosophy focuses on the rule if curriculum as a means of remaking the society?
A. Perennialism C. Reconstructivism
B. Essentialism D. Naturalism
Answer : C - Reconstructivism focuses on social problems that remakes and rebuilds for the benefit of the society.

40. Teacher Kaye has not only explained the concept of Philosophy of Education but also imparted this to her students,this demonstrate what kind of philosophy?
A. Naturalism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Perennialism
Answer : C - Realism concerns with what is real and actual. For ideas to be realized, they must be transferred / demonstrated.

41. It refers to the philosophy which holds that education should by concerned with the actualities of life.
A. Humanism C. Idealism
B. Realism D. Essentialism Answer : B

42. If a teacher believes that learning also takes place in having interaction with the environment,this teacher can be regarded as
A. Pragmatist          C. Naturalist
C. Idealist                  D. Realist                                                                                                            Answer: D

43. "Learning by doing" principle obeys what philosophy in education?
A. Humanism    C. Existentialism
B. Pragmatism    D. Behaviorism
Answers :B - Pragmatism is learning by doing ( John Dewey)

44. A philosophy that judge the validity of ideas by their consequence in action is
A. Progressivism C. Pragmatism
B. Realism D. Idealism Answer : C

45. What was the philosophy of education in the Philippines before the establishment of the public school system?
A. Idealism C. Humanism
B. Progressivism D. Pragmatism Answer : D

46.After finishing the degree in Education, Teacher Weena realizes that learning never stops. She continues to accumulate knowledge even after leaving the portal of her alma mater. This typifies what kind of philosophy?
a. Existentialism c. Perennialism

b. Progressivism d. Humanism

1. Principal A tells her teachers that training in the humanities is most important. To which educational philosophy does she adhere?
A. Perennialism C. Existentialism
B. Progressivism D. Essentialism
Answer : C-- Humanities is the principal's personal choice to be of most significance.

2. Principal B shares this thought with his teachers :" Subject matter should help students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts,feelings and actions. From which philosophy is this thought based?
A. Progressivism C. Essentialism
B. Perennialism D. Existentialism
Answer : D- Unique individuals,emphasis on students rather than subjects.

3. Education should help students discover and developed their personal values and even when values conflict with tradition ____.
A. Existentialism C. Essentialism
B. Progressivism D. Pragmatism Answer : A

4. The environment of education should be one that encourage the growth of free creative not adjustment to group thinking nor public norm _____.
A. Progressivism C. Essentialism
B. Existentialism D. Perennialism Answer :B

5. The primary of education is to one make students discover who they are and what their choices are and prepared of their choices in life ____.
A. Existentialism C. Humanism
B. Progressivism D. Realism Answer : A

6. The atmosphere of the school be one of authentic freedom when a students allowed to find his /her own truth and ultimate fulfilment through non-confirming making ______.
A. Progressivism C. Idealism
B. Existentialism D. Perennialism Answer : B

7. In his class,Teacher M always presents principles and values so as to encourage his students to examine them and decide for themselves whether to accept them or not. What kind of philosophy does he practice?
A. Humanism C. Existentialism
B. Pragmatism D. Idealism Answer: C

8. The school of thought prided themselves on listening to learners and questions,but not telling what to do, because they teach students to make their own choices.
A. Reconstructivism C. Existentialism
B. Perennialism D. Progressivism
Answer : C- Existentialism because man's freewill/ freedom of individuality.

9. Students define their own essence and wide variety of options.
A. Behaviorism C. Idealism
B. Pragmatism D. Existentialism Answer : D

10. Thea listens to the advice given by her sister to end the relationship that she has with Gilbert. However, her sister learned that the advice she has given was not followed and Thea decided to continue the relationship. This action of Thea is a manifestation of what kind of philosophy?
A . Essentialism B. Perennialism
C . Existentialism D. Humanism
Answer : C- Existentialism is the philosophy of subjectivity of selfhood and proclaims man's freedom in the accomplishment of his destiny.

11. "Life is what you make it ",implies best what philosophy?
A. Humanism C. Existentialism
B. Essentialism D. Progressivism Answer : C

12. The growth is the main goal of education..
A. Essentialism B. Perennialism
C. Existentialism D. Progressivism Answer : B

13. The school should provide group thinking in a democratic atmosphere to poster cooperation rather than competition.
A. Perennialism B. Humanism
C. Essentialism D. Naturalism                                                                                                         Answer: A

14. What philosophy of education advocates that the curriculum should only include and unchanging truths?
A. Pragmatism       B. Perennialism
C. Idealism               D. Essentialism                                                                                                 Answer :B

15. Most conservative philosophy and they are used their higher faculties
A. Perennialism C. Existentialism
B . Behaviorism D. Progressivism                                                                                  Answer : A

16. What philosophy means eternal truths,permanence and everlasting?
A. Idealism B. Pragmatism
C. Perennialism D. Constructivism
Answer : C Perennialism means timeless,ageless,permanence and everlasting. Knowledge can be best attained through reading and discussion in wherein tender plays and vital role.

17. " Specialization is knowing more and more about less and less ".
A. Existentialism C. Essentialism
B. Perennialism D. Progressivism Answer : B

18. After listening to the homily of the priest about fidelity,Catherine has a moment of reflection. Her understanding of the value of fidelity has become deeper as she related to her past experience. This typifies what kind of philosophy?
A. Reconstructivism C. Existentialism
B. Constructivism D. Idealism
Answer : Constructivism it is a philosophy. of learning which asserts that reality does not exist outside of human conceptions. It is the individual who construct reality by reflecting on his own experience and gives meaning to it.

19. "Learning is the process of retrieving prior learning ",that is a statement from a
A. Progressivist C. Reconstructivist
B. Constructivist D. Idealist
Answer :B - Constructivist as defined,constructivism is a philosophy that asserts that individual construcy reality by reflecting on his own experience and gives meaning to it. It is found on the premise that by reflecting on our own experiences,we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. Therefore,learning is simply the process of adjusting our mental modes to accommodate new experience.

20. Learners are the builders and creators in which philosophy?
A. Essentialism C. Idealism
B. Constructivism D. Naturalism Answer :B

21. Kein learns well through active interplay with others. His learning increases when engaged in activities that has meaning on him. Which philosophy can describe this?
A. Progressivism C. Empiricism
C. Idealism D. Realism
Answer : Progressivism is a philosophy of hands in learning or experiential learning.

22. After finishing the degree in education,Teacher Mary realizes that learning never stops. In fact, she accumulates more knowledge after learning the portal of her alma mater. This typifies what kind of philosophy?
A. Perennialism C. Progressivism
B. Constructivism D. Humanism
Answer : C--Progressivism connotes change, growth and development. It is an active form of philosophy for it continues to evolve.

23. After studying the principle of identity,Teacher Bing asks her students to determine which among the given set of problems conforms to the said identity. This shows that Teacher Bing upholds this kind of philosophy?
A. Perennialism C. Naturalism
B.. Progressivism D. Essentialism Answer : B

24. To develop learners to become enlightened and intelligent citizen is which philosophy of?
A. Essentialism C. Progressivism
B. Humanism D. Perennialism Answer : C

25. If the subject are interdisciplinary,integrative and interactive, this curriculum is based on which educational philosophy?
A. Progressivism C. Pragmatism
B. Perennialism D. Existentialism Answer : B -- Progressivism from the key words inter--

26. Kia is an advocate of the principle "making the most of your life " . She is indeed an advocate of what kind of philosophy?
A. Idealism B. Humanism
C. Existentialism D. Progressivism
Answer : B-Humanism is a philosophy which stresses to live life to the fullest.

1. Ms. Ortiz ranked No. 1 in March 2012 LET Exam. Upon learning this by the school where she had an internship, she was offered immediately of a position for the school year 2012-2013. She gladly accepted this job offering. She submitted all the documents required by the school and just waited for the result of her medical exam. A week before the orientation for the newly hired teachers, the result of her medical exam was released. She learned that she has a tuberculosis. Which of the following do you think should Ms. Ortiz do?
A. Hide her sickness from the Principal and proceed to teach in the SY 2012-2013
B. Ask the examining doctor to give her medical clearance so that she can teach and assure the doctor she will continue the medication.
C. Tell the Principal that she has changed her mind and opted not to teach anymore
D. Discuss her medical condition to the principal and defer to teach until she gets well
Ans: D. Article 2 Section 3 of the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers: In the interest of the State and of the Filipino people as much as of his own, every teacher shall be physically, mentally and morally fit.

2. Mrs. Banaticla is a high school teacher known for her integrity and credibility. In her community, she was regarded as one of the leaders. All thru out her career as a teacher, she is also a part of the board of canvassers every time there is an election. One time, she was asked by her nephew to campaign for him in the forthcoming election for he will run as a Congressman. Should Mrs. Banaticla campaign for her nephew?
A. Yes, there is no reason why she can't do this since blood is thicker than water.
B. Yes, she will be campaigning for her nephew and will do it discretely.
C. No, she hates her nephew and it's time to get even.
D. No, she knows that it is against her principle as a teacher and this might put her credibility as a teacher at risk.
Answer: D. Article 2 Section 5 of the Code of Ethics for Teachers: A teacher shall not engage in the promotion of any political, religious, or other partisan interest, and shall not, directly or indirectly, solicit, require, collect, or receive any money or service or other valuable material from any person or entity for such purposes.

3. Jonathan San Diego, son of the Principal of Mapagpala Elementary School is running as a mayor in their town. Is it Ethical for Principal San Diego to vote for his son during the election?
A. Yes, it is a constitutional right of Principal San Diego to vote
B. Yes, his vote is an additional point for his son
C. No, out of delicadeza, he should refrain from voting since his son is a candidate
D. No, he has no right to vote
Answer: A. Article 2 Section 6 of the Codr of Ethics for Teachers: Every teacher shall vote and shall exercise all other constitutional rights and responsibility.

4. Mrs. Concepcion is a public school teacher for 35 years. Every time she was asked by her principal to attend a seminar, she refused and requested that the new teacher be the one to take her slot. Is this correct?
A. Yes, Mrs. Concepcion had enough of these seminars
B. Yes, Mrs. Concepcion is about to retire and these seminars will have no longer use for her
C. No, Mrs. Concepcion should take every opportunity to attend a seminar for her own professional growth
D. No, Mrs. Concepcion has the prerogative to what seminar she will attend
Answer: C. Article 4 Section 8 of the Code of Ethics for Teachers: Evert teacher shall participate in the Continuing Professional Education (CPE) program of the Professional Regulation Commission, and shall pursue such other studies as will improve his efficiency, enhance the prestige of the profession, and strengthen his competence, virtues, and productivity in order to be nationally and internationally competitive.

5. Teacher Allyce doesn't like Maria, her student who is expected to graduate as class Valedictorian. In this regard, she is so impartial to her, she also gives her low marks in recitation and project. Is this correct?
A. Yes, it is the right of every teacher to determine the mark of every student
B. Yes, it is human nature to feel disgust to an individual
C. No, it is mortal sin to hate anyone
D. No, it is a must that every teacher be impartial to each student.
Answer: D. Article 8 Section 2 of the Code of Ethics for Teachers: A teacher shall recognize that the interest and welfare of learners are of first and foremost concern, and shall deal justifiably and impartially with each of them.
Article 8 Section 6 of the Code of Ethics for Teachers: A teacher shall base the evaluation of the learner's work only in merit and quality of academic performance

                                          Child and Adolescent Development

1. Dr. Escoto, the school physician conducted a physical examination in Ms. Manuel's class. What concept best describes the quantitative increase observed by Dr. Escoto among learners in terms of height and weight?
a. Development             c. Learning
b. Growth                        d. Maturation                                                                          Answer: B

2. Which situation best illustrates the concept of growth?
a. A kinder pupil gains 2 pounds within two months.
b. A high school student gets a score of 85 in mental ability test.
c. An education student has gained knowledge on approaches and strategies in teaching different subjects
d. An elementary grader has learned to play piano.
Answer: A

3. Which statements below best describes development?
a. A high school student's height increased by 5'2" to 5'4"
b. A high school student's change in weight from 110 lbs. to 125 lbs.
c. A student had learned to operate the computer
d. A student's enlargement of hips
Answer: C

4. What concept can best describes Francisco's ability to walk without a support at age of 12 months because of the "internal ripening" that occured in his muscles, bones and nervous system development?
a. Development c. Learning
b. Growth d. Maturation Answer: D

5. Teacher Jesus in now 69 years old has been observing changes in himself such as the aging process. Which term refers to the development change in the individual?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation                                                                                                                                       Answer: D

6. Manuel, a five-year old boy can hold his pen and write his name with his right hand. Which term describes Manuel's action/ behavior?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation                                                                                                                                       Answer: A

7. Which of the following theory can help Miss Samson determine the readiness of her learners by administering a readiness test?
a. Conditioning Theories
b. Cognitive Development Theory
c. Maturation Theory
d. Ethological Theory                                                                                                                          Answer: C

8. Mr. Francisco was very much worried about the thumb sucking of his son. A friend of him says that certain behavior among infants. Who presented that notion that certain behavior like thumb-sucking is normal behavior?
A. Sigmund Freud
b. Erick Ericson
c. John Bowlly
d. UrieBronfrenbenner                                                                                                                      Answer: A

9. A newborn infant move his whole body at one time, instead of moving a part of it. Which of the following principles is illustrated by his behavior?
a. Development proceeds from specific to general.
b. Development proceeds from general to specific.
c. Development follows an orderly pattern.
d. Development follows a general pattern.                                                                                Answer: B

10. Train up a child in the way he should be; when he grows up, he will not depart from it. Which principle supports this?
a. Development is determined by his heredity
b. Development is determined by the environment
c. Early development is more critical than the late development
d. Early development is less critical than late development.
Answer: B

11. Which state of the psycho-sexual theory does young boys experience rivalry with their father for their mother's attention and affection?
a. Oral       c. Phallic
b. Anal         d. Latency                                                                                                                         Answer: C

12. Angela focuses her attention on the school work and vigorous play that consume most of her physical energy. Which stage of psychosexual theory illustrates her behavior?
a. Oral       c. Phallic
b. Anal         d. Latency                                                                                                                         Answer: D

13. Which of the following is likely to be developed if infants are shown genuine affection?
a. Trust
b. Autonomy
c. Initiative
d. Industry                                                                                                                                              Answer: A

14. Christian develops an integral and coherent sense of self. He seeks answers to the question. "Who am I"? Which of the following is Christian likely to develop?
a. Initiative
b. Identity and Role Confusion
c. Intimacy
d. Autonomy                                                                                                                                         Answer: B

15. Ms. Reyes uses images and language to represent and understand her various lessons to preschool learners. What stage in the cognitive theory of development explains this?
a. Sensorimotor             c. Concrete operation
b. Preoperational     d. Formal operation                                                                                     Answer: B

16. Connie develops concepts necessary for everyday living, builds healthy attitudes towards oneself, and achieve personal independence. These are among the attributes of an individual in what particular stage?
a. Infancy and early childhood
b. Middle childhood
c. Adolescence
d. Early adulthood                                                                                                             Answer: B
17. Some children are more active than others, as everyone knows-extremely highlevels of activity or hyperactivity are considered problematic. How may a teacher help a child who is hyperactive?
a. Make him the leader of the class
b. Transfer him to another class
c. Give him challenging activities that are appropriate to his ability level and interests.
d. Allow him to spend longer at the playground until he gets tired.
Answer: C

18. Tessa gets jealous whenever she sees her father showing love and affection to her mother. Which of the following is she showing according to Freud?
a. Complex               c. Electra Complex
b. Phallic d. Oedipus Complex                                                                                       Answer: C

19. In Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, which of the following statements would illustrate Edward who is 11 years old?
a. Able to see relationships and to reason in the abstract.
b. Unable to breakdown a whole into separate parts.
c. Differentiates goals and goal-directed activities.
d. Experiments with methods to reach goals.                                                          Answer: A

20. Trisha goes with her mother in school. She enjoys the workplace of her mother. Which of the following ecological theories is illustrated by the situation?
a. Microsystem                        c. Exosystem
b. Mesosystem                     d. Macrosystem                                                              Answer: C

21. Lito, a student in secondary level tends to spend more time with his friends and his family, thus, his behavior is greatly affected by them. In which stage in the Psychosocial Stages of Development does Lito belong?
a. Autonomous vs Shame and Doubt
b. Identity vs. Role Confusion
c. Intimacy vs. Isolation
d. Initiative vs. Guilt                                                                                                                             Answer: D

22. Anna believes that authority is respected. She is now in what particular level in moral development theory of Lawrence Kholberg?
a. Social contract
b. Law and order orientation
c. Interpersonal concordance
d. Universal ethics orientation                                                                                                        Answer: A

23. What level has a four year old learner like Maryann reached when she acquired new skills such as putting the same shapes and the same colors together?
a. Development
b. Maturation
c. Zone of Proximal Development
d. Learning                                                                                                                                             Answer: C

24. Which of the following principles can be the basis of the growing realization of the significance of the early childhood education?
a. The young children are capable of doing many things at an early stage.
b. The child should be seen and should learn.
c. The first five years of life are the formative years of the child.
d. Early childhood experiences can be interesting and challenging.
Answer: B

25. Which of the following learner's characteristics will affect most of the learners learning in the academic class?
a. His affective characteristics
b. His cognitive characteristics
c. His psychomotor characteristics
d. His socio-emotional characteristics

Child and Adolescent Development

1. Which of the following is true about human development?
a. Human development considers both maturation and learning.
b. Development refers to the progressive series of changes of an orderly coherent type toward the goal of maturity.
c. Development is the gradual and orderly unfolding of the characteristics of the individuals as they go through the successive stages of growth.
d. All of the above
Answer: D

2. What do you call the quantitative increase in terms of height and weight as observed by the school physician during the physical examination of the students?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation                                                                                                                                       Answer: B

3. Mrs. Gomez conducts research on the psychosocial domain of development. In what particular area of the child's development is Mrs. Gomez most likely to be interested with?
a. Perceptual abilities
b. Brain-wave patterns
c. Emotions
d. Use of language                                                                                                                             Answer: C

4. Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Sigmund Freud?
a. Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
b. Anal stage, oral stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
c. Oral stage, anal stage, genital stage, latency stage, phallic stage
d. Anal stage, oral stage, genital stage, latency stage, phallic stage
Answer: A

5. What is the best description of Erickson's psychosocial theory of human development?
a. Eight crises all people are thought to lace
b. Four psychosocial stages in latency period
c. The same number of stages as Freud's, but with different names
d. A stage theory that is not psychoanalytic
Answer: A

6. In Erickson's theory, what is the unresolved crisis of an adult who has difficulty establishing a secure, mutual relationship with a life partner?
a. Initiative vs. Guilt
b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c. Intimacy vs. Isolation
d. Trust vs. Mistrust                                                                                                                                              Answer: C

7. Alyssa is eight years old, and although she understands some logical principles, she still has troubles in understanding hypothetical concepts. According to Piaget, Alyssa belongs to what particular stage of cognitive development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete operational
d. Formal operational                                                                                    Answer: C

8. Which of the following provides the best broad description of the relationship between heredity and environment in determining height?
a. Heredity is the primary influence, with environment affecting development only in severe situations.
b. Heredity and environment contribute equally to development
c. Environment is the major influence on physical characteristics.
d. Heredity directs the individual's potential and environment determines whether and to what degree the individual reaches the potential.
Answer: A

9. What is the correct sequence of prenatal stages of development?
a. Embryo, germinal, fetus
b. Germinal, fetus, embryo
c. Germinal, embryo, fetus
d. Embryo, fetus, germinal                                                         Answer: C

10. When a baby realized that a rubber duck which has fallen out of the tub must be somewhere on the floor, he is likely to achieved what aspect of cognitive development?
a. Object permanence
b. Deferred imitation
c. Mental combinations
d. Goal-directed behavior                                                           Answer: A

11. Which of the following will be Freud's description of the child's behavior if he he has biting, sarcastic manner?
a. Anally expulsive
b. Anally retentive
c. Fixated in the oral stage
d. Experiencing the crisis of trust vs. mistrust                                         Answer: C

12. What is Freud's idea about a young boy's guilt feelings brought about by jealousy of his father's relationship with his mother?
a. Electra complex
b. Oedipus complex
c. Phallic complex
d. Penis envy complex                                                                                    Answer: B

13. When a little girl who says she wants her mother to go on vacation so that she can marry her father, Freud believes that he is voicing a fantasy consistent with?
a. Oedipus complex
b. Electra complex
c. Theory of mind
d. Crisis of initiative vs. Guilt                                                       Answer: B

14. Which of the following can best describe the preschooler's readiness to learn new task and play activities?
a. Emerging competency and self-awareness
b. Theory of the Mind
c. Relationship with parents
d. Growing identification with others                                      Answer: A

15. James noted that when the preschoolers eagerly begin many new activities but are vulnerable to criticism and feelings of failure, they are experiencing what particular crisis?
a. Identity vs. Role Confusion
b. Initiative vs. Guilt
c. Basic trust vs. mistrust
d. Efficacy vs. Helplessness                                                        Answer: B

16. What stage of Piaget's Cognitive Development does a person belong to when he can understand specific logical ideas and apply them to concrete problems?
a. Preoperational thought
b. Operational thought
c. Create operational thought
d. Formal operational thought                                                                                      Answer: C

17. What is the best explanation of Piaget's concrete operational thought to describe the school-age child's mental ability?
a. A child can reason logically about things and events he or she perceives.
b. A child's ability to think about how he thinks
c. Can understand that certain characteristics of an object remain the same when other characteristics are changed
d. Can understand that moral principles may supersede the standards of society.
Answer: C

18. Elisa who is in between 9 and 11 years of age are most likely to demonstrate moral reasoning at which Kohlberg's stage?
a. Pre-conventional
b. Conventional
c. Post-conventional
d. None of the above                                                                                     Answer: B

19. According to Kohlberg, a dutiful citizen who obeys the laws set down by society is at which level of moral reasoning?
a. Pre-conventional Stage One
b. Pre-conventional Stage Two
c. Conventional
d. Post-conventional                                                                                       Answer: C

20. Ana, who is low-achieving, shy and withdrawn, is rejected by most of her peers. her teacher wants to help Ana increase her self-esteem and social acceptance. What can Joy's teacher suggest to her parents?
a. Transfer her to a different school
b. Help their daughter improve her motor skills
c. Help their daughter learn to accept more responsibility for her academic failures
d. Help their daughter improve her skills in relating to peers
Answer: D

21. What is the most accurate definition of puberty stage?
a. Rapid physical growth that occurs during adolescence
b. Stage when sexual maturation is attained.
c. Rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that ends childhood
d. Stage when adolescents establish identifies separate from their parents.
Answer: C

22. Fifteen year old Marie is preoccupied with her "disgusting appearance" and seems depressed most of the time. What is the best thing her parents can do to help her get through this difficult time?
a. Ignore her self-preoccupation because their attention would only reinforce it.
b. Encourage to "shape up" and not give in the self-pity
c. Kid her about her appearance in the hope that she will see how silly she is acting.
d. Offer practical advice, such as clothing suggestions, to improve her body image.
Answer: D

23. What can be the best comparison of the behavior of a 17 year old girl to that of her 13 year old brother?
a. She is more likely critical about herself
b. She tends to be more egocentric.
c. She had less confidence in her abilities.
d. She is more capable of reasoning hypothetically.                                                                Answer: D

24. According to Erikson, what is the primary task of adolescent?
a. To establish trust
b. To search for his identity
c. To be more intimate with others
d. To establish integrity Answer: B

25. What is the main source of emotional support for most young people who are establishing independence from their parents?
a. Older adolescents of the opposite sex
b. Older sibling
c. Teachers
d. Peer groups Answer: D

Principles and Strategies of Teaching

1. To ensure the lesson will go smoothly, Teacher A listed down the steps she will undertake together with those of her students. This practice relates to?
a. Teaching style
b. Teaching method
c. Teaching strategy
d. Teaching technique                                                                                                     Answer: B

2. The class of Grade 6 - Einstein is scheduled to perform an experiment on that day. However, the chemicals are insufficient. What method may then be used?
a. Project                  c. Lecture
b. Laboratory           d. Demonstration                                                                          Answer: D

3. Teacher C gives the class specific topic as assignment which they have to research and pass the following day. However, the students could not find any information about it. What method should Teacher C use to teach the assignment?
a. Project method
b. Discovery approach
c. Lecture method
d. Demonstration method                                                                            Answer: C

4. Pictures, models and the like arouse students interest on the day's topic, in what part of the lesson should the given materials be presented?
a. Initiating activities
b. Culminating activities
c. Evaluation activities
d. Developmental activities                                          Answer: A

5. In Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, the domains are stated from lowest to highest level. Which of the following objectives belongs to the lowest level?
a. To identify the characters of the story.
b. To differentiate active from passive voice.
c. To give the available resources that could be recycled to useful things.
d. To explain the procedure in changing improper fraction to mixed number
Answer: A

6. The class of IV - Kalikasan is tasked to analyze the present population of the different cities and municipalities of the National Capital Region for the last five years. How can they best present their analysis?
a. By means of a table
b. By looking for a pattern
c. By means of a graph
d. By guessing and checking Answer: C

7. There are several reasons why problem-solving is taught in Math. Which is the LEAST important?
a. It is the main goal for the study of Math
b. It provides the content in which concepts and skills are learned and applied
c. It provides an opportunity to develop critical and analytical thinking
d. It provides pupils an opportunity to relate Math in the real world
Answer: A

8. Teacher D teaches in a remote high school where newspapers are delivered irregularly. Knowing the importance of keeping the students aware of current affairs, what is probably the best way to keep the students updated?
a. Gather back issues of newspapers and let pupils compile them.
b. Urge the pupils to listen to stories circulating in the community.
c. Encourage the pupils to listen to daily broadcast from a transistor radio.
d. The teacher should try all available means to get the newspaper delivered to the school
Answer: C

9. Devices can make a lecture more understandable and meaningful. What is the most important thing a teacher should consider in the selection and utilization of instructional materials?
a. Objectives of the lesson
b. Availability of instructional materials
c. Attractiveness of instructional materials
d. Degree of interest on the part of the students                                                                                       Answer: A

10. Teacher E asks student A to identify and analyze events, ideas or objects in order to state their similarities and differences. In which part of the lesson does said activity take place?
a. Preparation                 c. Application
b. Generalization      d. Comparison and Abstraction                                                               Answer: D

11. Which part of the lesson is involved in the giving of situation or activities based on the concepts learned?
a. Preparation                 c. Application
b. Generalization      d. Comparison and Abstraction                                                               Answer: C

12. Teacher F wants the class to find out the effect of heat on matter. Which method will help him accomplish his objective?
a. Project Method
b. Laboratory Method
c. Problem Method
d. Expository Method                                                                                                       Answer: B

13. In Math, Teacher G presents various examples of plane figures to her class. Afterwards, she asks the students to give definition of each. What method did she use?
a. Inductive
b. Laboratory
c. Deductive
d. Expository                                                                                                                        Answer: A

14. Teaching Tinikling to I-Maliksi becomes possible through the use of?
a. Inductive Method
b. Expository Method
c. Demonstration Method
d. Laboratory Method                                                                                                      Answer: C

15. What is the implication of using a method that focuses on the why rather than the how?
a. There is best method
b. Typical one will be good for any subject
c. These methods should be standardized for different subjects.
d. Teaching methods should favor inquiry and problem solving.
Answer: D

16. When using problem solving method, the teacher can
a. Set up the problem
b. Test the conclusion
c. Propose ways of obtaining the needed data
d. Help the learners define what is it to be solved
Answer: D

17. Which of the following characterizes a well-motivated lesson?
a. The class is quiet.
b. The children have something to do.
c. The teacher can leave the pupils
d. There are varied procedures and activities undertaken by the pupils.
Answer: D

18. Learners must be developed not only in the cognitive, psychomotor but also in the affective aspect. Why is development of the latter also important?
a. It helps them develop a sound value system.
b. Their actions are dominated by their feelings.
c. It helps them develop an adequate knowledge of good actions.
d. Awareness of the consequences of their action is sharpened.
Answer: A

19. Which of the following attributes characterizes a learner who is yet to develop the concept?
a. The learner can identify the attributes of the concept.
b. The learner can summarize the ideas shared about the concept.
c. The learner can distinguish examples from non-examples.
d. The learner gets a failing grade in the tests given after the concept has been discussed.
Answer: A

20. The strategy which makes use of the old concept of "each-one-teach-one" of the sixty's is similar to?
a. Peer learning                              c. Partner learning
b. Independent learning       d. Cooperative learning                                                                Answer: D

21. Which part of the lesson does the learner give a synthesis of the things learned?
a. Motivation          c. Evaluation
b. Application          d. Generalization                                                         Answer: C

22. Educational objectives are arranged from simple to complex. Why is this?
a. Each level is built upon and assumes acquisition of skills from the previous level.
b. Objectives are broad and value-laden statements that lead to the philosophy of education.
c. Be idealistic and ambitious to begin with grandiose scheme for using taxonomy in all levels.
d. These are guidelines to be taught and learned where teachers and students evaluate learning.
Answer: A

23. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. Lesson plan should be in constant state of revision.
b. A good daily lesson plan ensures a better discussion.
c. Students should never see a teacher using a lesson plan.
d. All teachers regardless of their experience should have daily lesson plan.
Answer: C

24. In Music, Teacher 1 wants to teach the class how to play the piano in the Key of C. Which of the following should be his objective?
a. To play the piano in the key of C chords
b. To improve playing the piano in the key of C
c. To interpret property of chords of Key of C in the piano
d. To exhibit excellent playing of piano in the key of C
Answer: A
25. When using instructional material, what should the teacher primarily consider?
a. The material must be new and skillfully made.
b. It must be suited to the lesson objective.
c. The material must stimulate and maintain students' interest
d. It must be updated and relevant to Filipino setting.
Answer: B

Principles and Theories of Learning and Motivation

1. Based on Bandura's theory, which conditions must be present for a student to learn from a model?
I. Attention II. Retention III. Motor Reproduction IV. Motivation

a. I and II
b. I, II and III
c. I, II, III and IV
d. III and IV                                                                                       Answer: C

2. Which of the following principles of learning applies to considering student's age in presenting certain content and cognitive processes?
a. Principle of readiness
b. Principle of learning by doing
c. Principle of presenting challenging tasks
d. Principle of learning aided by formulating and asking questions
Answer: A

3. In classical conditioning, which are paired together in order to elicit the desired response?
a. UCS and NS
b. CS and NS
c. UCS and CS
d. UCR and NS                                                                                Answer: A

4. According to Thorndike, what law states that the strength of a connection is influenced by the consequences of the response?
a. Law of disuse
b. Law of effect
c. Law of exercise
d. Law of readiness                                                                       Answer: B

5. A burglary occurred in Jason's neighborhood. Since then, Jason is very careful of locking their doors and closing windows. What theory best explains Jason's behavior?
a. Observational learning
b. Imitation learning
c. Self-regulated learning
d. Vicarious learning                                                                     Answer: D

6. In observation and imitation learning, what should be the learner's response when the teacher initially models the behavior?
a. Reproduce and match
b. Pay Attention
c. Imitate and practice
d. Shows satisfaction                                                                   Answer: B

7. What is the correct sequence of information processing?
a. Sensory register-STM-LTM
b. STM-sensory register-LTM
c. Sensory register-LTM-STM
d. LTM-sensory register- STM                                                  Answer: A

8. What should be the hierarchy of the types of learning according to the cumulative learning theory?
1. Problem solving learning
2. Rule learning
3. Discrimination learning
4. Concept learning

a. 2-1-3-4                 c. 2-3-4-1
b. 2-1-4-3                 d. 2-4-3-1                                                                       Answer: D

9. Which is essential in meaningful reception learning?
a. Concepts are presented to learner and received by them.
b. Concepts are discovered by the learner
c. Concepts are related to one another
d. Concepts are solicited from the learners                                                              Answer: C

10. Grace is bilingual. She speaks both English and Filipino fluently. She begins to study Spanish and immediately recognizes many similarities between the Spanish and Filipino languages and uses this information to acquire the new language faster. What kind of transfer was Grace able to use?
a. Lateral Transfer
b. General Transfer
c. Specific Transfer
d. Vertical Transfer                                                                                         Answer: C

11. Cristina is almost asleep when she felt the need to go to the bathroom. She tried to sleep it off but after a while, she was forced to stand up and go to the bathroom. What theory of motivation explains Cristina's behavior?
a. Attribution Theory
b. Drive Theory
c. Expentancies and Values Theory
d. Solomon's Opponent Theory                                                                  Answer: C

12. Marko excels in adding numbers. He learned this skill in his Math class. He is now able to apply this skill in his Music class. What type of transfer was used?
a. Lateral transfer
b. General transfer
c. Specific transfer
d. Vertical transfer                                                                                          Answer: B

13. Mr. Lorenzo would always give the chapter test on a Friday. What schedule of reinforcement is used by Mr. Lorenzo?
a. Fixed interval
b. Fixed ratio
c. Variable interval
d. Variable ratio                                                                                               Answer: A

14. To remember the six digits, 8, 4, 3, 9, 4, 5, the Math teacher grouped the numbers in two's 84, 39, 45 or in threes 843, 945. What control process of retaining information is referred to?
a. Chunking
b. Interfering
c. Rehearsing
d. Remembering                                                                            Answer: A

15. Rob regularly practice playing the guitar so he can finish Book I. His mother promised to buy him a Nintendo when he finishes Book I. How is Rob motivated?
a. Extrinsically
b. Intrinsically
c. with Self-Determination
d. with Self-Efficacy                                                                                        Answer: C

16. Lara excels in dancing and in certain sports. According to Gardner what intelligence is dominant in Lara?
a. Bodily kinesthetic                c. Musical
b. Intrapersonal                        d. Spatial                                                                                          Answer: A

17. According to Bronfenbrenner, what system contains structures that has direct contact with the child?
a. Chronosystem    c. Mesosystem
b. Exosystem                             d. Microsystem                                                                              Answer: D

18. Some learners like to find specific and concrete answers. What kind of learners are they?
a. Accomodators
b. Assimilators
c. Convergers
d. Divergers                                                                                                       Answer: C

19. Mrs. Mercado, the Home Economics teacher, constantly gives verbal guidance to her pupils while practicing a sewing skill. What is the value of giving verbal guidance in improving pupils learning behavior?
a. It promotes the growth of interest in the new learning tasks
b. It serves as informational feedback
c. It facilitates perfection of skills
d. It directs pupils' attention to more adequate and better techniques
Answer: B

20. Why should learning be aided by formulating and asking questions?
a. Students will have a grade in recitation
b. Students will develop their self-confidence
c. The teacher will know who among the students can communicate very well
d. The teacher will not always do the talking but the students will be given a chance to do the same thing.
Answer: B

21. Ms. Baquiran, the VE teacher, and her pupils, while working on the concept of honesty, agreed that no cabinets and book cases would be locked throughout the day. Which principle in affective learning is being implemented?
a. Provide exemplary models
b. Provide appropriate practice
c. Provide for pleasant emotional experience
d. Provide for independent attitude cultivation                                                       Answer: B

22. Instead of asking her students to write about their reaction to a story, the teacher asked her students to interpret the story in dance form. What principle of learning is considered?
a. Concepts should be presented in varied and different ways
b. Effort if put forth when tasks are challenging
c. Learning by doing is more effective than just sitting and listening
d. Learning is aided by formulating and asking questions
Answer: B

23. In performing the minuet, first raise your heel, second make three steps forward, third step make a point. What kind of knowledge was exhibited?
a. Conditional Knowledge
b. Declarative Knowledge
c. Domain-Specific Knowledge
d. Procedural Knowledge
Answer: D

24. Why should teachers provide positive feedback and realistic praise?
a. To motivate the students to study
b. So the students will know what to do
c. To be liked and loved by the students
d. So the students will praise him/her                                                                                          Answer: B
25. Which statement does not refer to cognitive theories?
a. Prefer to concentrate on analyzing cognitive process
b. Conclusions are based on observation of external manifestations on learning
c. Study of the structures and components of information processing
d. Believe in non-observable behavior
Answer: B

Assessment and Evaluation of Learning

1. Who among the teachers described below is doing assessment?
a. Mrs. Bautista who is administering a test to her students.
b. Mr. Ferrer who is counting the scores obtained by the students in his test.
c. Ms. Leyva who is computing the final grade of the students after completing all their requirements.
d. Prof. Cuevas who is planning for a remedial instruction after knowing that students perform poorly in her test
Answer: C

2. Mr. Fernandez is judging the accuracy of these statements. Which statements will he consider as correct?
I. Test is a tool to measure a trait.
II. Measurement is the process of qualifying a given trait.
III. Assessment is the gathering of quantitative and qualitative data.
IV. Evaluation is the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data for decision making

A. I and II                   c. I, II, and III
b. III and IV               d. I, III and IV                                                                                    Answer: D

3. If I have to use the most authentic method of assessment, which of these procedures should I consider?
a. Traditional Test
b. Performance-based Assessment
c. Written Test
d. Objective Assessment                                                            Answer: B

4. After doing the exercise on verbs, Ms. Borillo gave a short quiz to find out how well students have understood the lesson. What type of assessment was done?
a. Summative         c. Diagnostic
b. Formative            d. Placement                                                                 Answer: B

5. Who among the teachers below performed a diagnostic assessment?
a. Ms. Santos who asked questions when the discussion was going on to know who among h er students understood what she was trying to emphasize.
b. Mr. Colubong who gave a short quiz after discussing thoroughly the lesson to determine the programs of learning.
c. Ms. Ventura who gave 10-item test to find out the specific lessons which the students failed to understand.
d. Mrs. Lopez who administered a readiness test to the incoming grade one pupils.
Answer: C

6. You are assessing for learning. Which of these will you likely do?
a. Giving grades to students
b. Reporting to parents the performance of their child.
c. Recommending new policies in grading students.
d. Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of students.
Answer: D

7. Ms. Saplan is planning to do an assessment of learning. Which of these should she include in her plan considering her purpose for assessment?
a. How to give immediate feedback to student's strengths and weaknesses
b. How to determine the area of interest of learners
c. How to certify student's achievement
d. How to design one's instruction
Answer: C

8. You targeted that after instruction, your students should be able to show their ability to solve problems with speed and accuracy. You then designed a tool to measure this ability. What principle of assessment did you consider in this situation?
a. Assessment should be based on clear and appropriate learning targets or objectives.
b. Assessment should have a positive consequence on student's learning
c. Assessment should be reliable.
d. Assessment should be fair.
Answer: A

9. Ms. Ortega tasked her students to show how to play basketball. What learning target is she assessing?
a. Knowledge          c. Skills
b. Reasoning           d. Products                                                                                       Answer: C

10. Mr. Ravelas made an essay test for the objective "Identify the planets in the solar system". Was the assessment method used the most appropriate for the given objective? Why?
a. Yes, because essay test is easier to construct than objective test.
b. Yes, because essay test can measure any type of objective.
c. No, he should have conducted oral questioning.
d. No, he should have prepared an objective test.
Answer: D

11. Mr. Cidro wants to test students' knowledge of the different places in the Philippines, their capital and their products and so he gave his students an essay test. If you were the teacher, will you do the same?
a. No, the giving of an objective test is more appropriate than the use of essay.
b. No, such method of assessment is inappropriate because essay is difficult.
c. Yes, essay test could measure more than what other tests could measure.
d. Yes, essay test is the best in measuring any type of knowledge.
Answer: A

12. What type of validity does the Pre-board examination possess if its results can explain how the students will likely perform in their licensure examination?
a. Concurrent          c. Construct
b. Predictive             d. Content                                                                      Answer: B

13. Ms. Aviz wants to determine if the students' scores in their Final Test is reliable. However, she has only one set of test and her students are already on vacation. What test of reliability can she employ?
a. Test-Retest
b. Kuder Richardson Method
c. Equivalent Forms
d. Test-Retest with Equivalent Forms                                     Answer: B

Refer to this case in answering items 14-15
*Two teachers of the same grade level have set the following objectives for the day's lesson. At the end of the period, the students should be able to:
a. Construct bar graph, and
b. Interpret bar graphs

To assess the attainment of the objectives, Teacher A required the students to construct a bar graph for the given set of data then she asked them to interpret this using a set of questions as guide. Teacher B presented a bar graph then asked them to interpret this using also a set of guide questions.

14. Whose practice is acceptable based on the principles of assessment?
a. Teacher A
b. Teacher B
c. Both Teacher A and B
d. Neither Teacher A nor Teacher B                                                          Answer: A

15. Which is true about the given case?
a. Objective A matched with performance-based assessment while B can be assessed using the traditional pen-and-paper objective test.
b. Objective A matched with traditional assessment while B can be assessed using a performance-based method.
c. Both objective A and B matched with performance-based assessment.
d. Both objective A and B matched with traditional assessment.
Answer: A

16. In the context of the Theory of Multiple Intelligence, which is a weakness of the paper-pencil test?
a. It puts non-linguistically intelligent at a disadvantage.
b. It is not easy to administer.
c. It utilizes so much time.
d. It lacks reliability.                                                                                         Answer: A

17. Mr. Umayam is doing a performance-based assessment for the day's lesson. Which of the following will most likely happen?
a. Students are evaluated in one sitting.
b. Students do an actual demonstration of their skill.
c. Students are evaluated in the most objective manner.
d. Students are evaluated based on varied evidences of learning
Answer: B

18. Ms. del Rosario rated her students in terms of appropriate and effective use of some laboratory equipment and measurement tools and the students ability to follow the specified procedures. What mode of assessment should Miss del Rosario use?
a. Portfolio Assessment
b. Journal Assessment
c. Traditional Assessment
d. Performance-based Assessment                                                          Answer: D

19. Mrs. Hilario presented the lesson on baking through a group activity so that the students will not just learn how to bake but also develop their interpersonal skills. How should this lesson be assessed?
I. She should give the students an essay test explaining how they baked the cake.
II. The students should be graded on the quality of their baked cake using a rubric.
III. The students in a group should rate the members based on their ability to cooperate in their group activity.
IV. She should observe how the pupils perform their tasks.

a. I, II, and III             c. I, II and IV
b. I, III, and IV           d. I, II, III, and IV                                                                                                 Answer: C

20. If a teacher has set objectives in all domains or learning targets and which could be assessed using a single performance task, what criterion in selecting a task should she consider?
a. Generalizability c. Multiple Foci
b. Fairness                                 d. Teachability                                                                                Answer: C

21. Which term refers to the collection of students' products and accomplishments in a given period for evaluation purposes?
a. Diary
b. Portfolio
c. Anecdotal record
d. Observation report                                                                                                       Answer: B

22. Mrs. Catalan allowed the students to develop their own portfolio in their own style as long as they show all the non-negotiable evidences of learning. What principle in portfolio assessment explains this practice?
a. Content Principle
b. Learning Principle
c. Equity Principle
d. Product Principle                                                                       Answer: C

23. How should the following steps in portfolio assessment be arranged logically?
I. Set targets
II. Select evidences
III. Collect evidences
IV. Rate Collection
V. Reflect on Evidences

a. I, II, III, IV, V
b. I, III, II, V, IV
c. I, II, III, V, IV
d. I, III, V, II, IV Answer: B

24. Which could be seen in a rubric?
I. Objective in a high level of cognitive behavior
II. Multiple criteria in assessing learning
III. Quantitative descriptions of the quality of work
IV. Qualitative descriptions of the quality of work

a. I and II only
b. II, III and IV only
c. I, II and III
d. I, II, III and IV Answer: B

25. The pupils are to be judged individually on their mastery of the singing of the national anthem so their teacher let them sing individually. What should the teacher use in rating the performance of the pupils considering the fact that the teacher has only one period to spend in evaluating her 20 pupils?
a. Analytic
b. Holistic
c. Either holistic or analytic
d. Both holistic and analytic Answer: B

Assessment and Evaluation of Learning

1. Mrs. Pua is judging the worth of the project of the students in her Science class based on a set of criteria. What process describes what she is doing?
a. Testing                 c. Evaluating
b. Measuring          d. Assessing                                                                                                      Answer: C

2. Mrs. Acebuche is comparing measurement from evaluation. Which statement explains the difference?
a. Measurement is assigning a numerical value to a given trait while evaluation is giving meaning to the numerical value of the trait.
b. Measurement is the process of gathering while evaluation is the process of quantifying the data gathered.
c. Measurement is the process of quantifying data while evaluation is the process of organizing data.
d. Measurement is a pre-requisite of assessment while evaluation is the pre-requisite of testing.
Answer: A

3. Ms. Ricafort uses alternative methods of assessment. Which of the following will she not likely use?
a. Multiple Choice Test
b. Reflective Journal Writing
c. Oral Presentation
d. Developing Portfolios                                                                                Answer: A
4. Ms. Camba aims to measure a product of learning. Which of these objectives will she most likely set for her instruction?
a. Show positive attitude towards learning common nouns
b. Identify common nouns in a reading selection
c. Construct a paragraph using common nouns
d. User a common noun in a sentence                                                                                        Answer: C

5. The students of Mrs. Valino are very noisy. To keep them busy, they were given any test available in the classroom and then the results were graded as a way to punish them. Which statement best explains if the practice is acceptable or not?
a. The practice is acceptable because the students behaved well when they were given a test.
b. The practice is not acceptable because it violates the principle of reliability.
c. The practice is not acceptable because it violates the principle of validity.
d. The practice is acceptable since the test results are graded.
Answer: C

6. Ms. Delos Angeles advocates assessment for learning. Which will she NOT likely do?
a. Formative Assessment
b. Diagnostic Assessment
c. Placement Assessment
d. Summative Assessment                                                                          Answer: A

7. At the beginning of the school year, the 6-year old pupils were tested to find out who among them can already read. The result was used to determine their sections. What kind of test was given to them?
a. Diagnostic           c. Placement
b. Formative            d. Summative                                                                                                   Answer: C

8. The grade six pupils were given a diagnostic test in addition and subtraction of whole numbers to find out if they can proceed to the next unit. However, the results of the test were very low. What should the teacher do?
a. Proceed to the next lesson to be able to finish all the topics in the course.
b. Construct another test parallel to the given test to determine the consistency of the scores.
c. Count the frequency of errors to find out the lessons that the majority of students need to relearn.
d. Record the scores then inform the parents about the very poor performance of their child in mathematics.
Answer: C

9. Mrs. Nogueras is doing an assessment of learning. At what stage of instruction should she do it?
a. Before instruction
b. After instruction
c. Prior to instruction
d. During the instructional process                                          Answer: D

10. Mr. Cartilla developed an Achievement Test in Math for her grade three pupils. Before she finalized the test she examined carefully if the test items were constructed based on the competencies that have to be tested. What test of validity was she trying to establish?
a. Content-validity
b. Concurrent validity
c. Predictive validity
d. Construct validity                                                                       Answer: A

11. Mrs. Robles wants to establish the reliability of her achievement test in English. Which of the following activities will help achieve her purpose?
a. Administer two parallel tests to different groups of students.
b. Administer two equivalent tests to the same group of students
c. Administer a single test but two different groups of students.
d. Administer two different tests but to the same group of students.
Answer: B

Refer to the situation below in answer items 12 and 13
*A teacher set the following objectives for the day's lesson:
At the end of the period, the students should be able to:
a. Identify the parts of friendly letter
b. Construct a friendly letter using the MS Word, and
c. Show interest towards the day's lesson
To assess the attainment of the objectives, Ms. Cidro required the students to construct friendly letter and have it encoded at their Computer Laboratory using the MS Word. The letter should inform one's friend about what one has learned in the day's lesson and how one felt about it.

12. Which is NOT true about the given case?
a. Ms. Cidro practices a balanced assessment.
b. Ms. Cidro's assessment method is performance-based.
c. Ms. Cidro needs a rubric in scoring the work of the students.
d. Ms. Cidro's assessment targets are all in the cognitive domain.
Answer: D

13. If Mr. Paraiso will have to make a scoring rubric for the student's output, what format is better to construct considering that the teacher has limited time to evaluate their work?
a. Analytic Rubric
b. Holistic Rubric
c. Either A or B
d. Neither A nor B                                                        Answer: B
14. The school principal has 3 teacher applicants all of whom graduated from the same institution and are licensed teachers. She only needs to hire one. What should she do to choose the best teacher from the three?
I. Give them a placement test.
II. Interview them on why they want to apply in the school.
III. Let them demonstrate how to teach a particular lesson.
IV. Study their portfolios to examine the qualities of the students' outputs when they were in College.

a. I and II.                  c. I and III, IV
b. II and III.                d. II, III and IV                                                                                                     Answer: D

15. What should be done first when planning for a performance-based assessment?
a. Determine the "table of specifications" of the tasks
b. Set the competency to be assessed.
c. Set the criteria in scoring the task.
d. Prepare a scoring rubric.                                                         Answer: B

16. To maximize the amount of time spent for performance-based assessment, which one should be done?
a. Plan a task that can be used for instruction and assessment at the same time.
b. Assess one objective for one performance task.
c. Set objectives only for cognitive domains.
d. Limit the task to one meeting only.                                                                        Answer: A

17. Who among the teachers below gave the most authentic assessment task for the objective "Solve word problems involving the four basic operations"
a. Mrs. Juliano who presented a word problem involving a four fundamental operations and then asked the pupils to solve it.
b. Mrs. Mandia who asked her pupils to construct a word problem for a given number sentence that involves four fundamental operations and then asked them to solve the word problem they constructed.
c. Mrs. Malang who asked her pupils to construct any word problem that involves the four fundamental operations and then asked them to show how to solve it.
d. Mrs. Pontipedra who asked her pupils to construct any word problem that involves the four fundamental operations then formed them by twos so that each pair exchanged problems and help solve each other's problem.
Answer: D

18. Which is wrong to assume about traditional assessment?
a. It can assess individuals objectively.
b. It can assess individuals at the same time.
c. It is easier to administer than performance test.
d. It can assess fairly all the domains of intelligence of an individual
Answer: D

19. Which statement about performance-based assessment is FALSE?
a. It emphasizes merely process.
b. It also stresses doing, not only knowing.
c. It accentuates on process as well as product.
d. Essay tests are an example of performance-based assessments.
Answer: A

20. Under which assumption is portfolio assessment based?
a. Portfolio assessment is a dynamic assessment.
b. Assessment should stress the reproduction of knowledge.
c. An individual learner is adequately characterized by a test score.
d. An individual learner is inadequately characterized by a test score.
Answer: D

21. Which is a good portfolio evidence of a student's acquired knowledge and writing skills?
a. Project
b. Test Results
c. Reflective Journal
d. Critiqued Outputs                                                                                       Answer: C

22. When planning for portfolio assessment, which should you do first?
a. Set the targets for portfolio assessment.
b. Exhibit one's work and be proud of one's collection
c. Select evidences that could be captured in one's portfolio
d. Reflect on one's collection and identify strengths and weaknesses
Answer: A

23. Which kind of rubric is best to use in rating students' projects done for several days?
a. Analytic
b. Holistic
c. Either holistic or analytic
d. Both holistic and analytic                                                                          Answer: A

24. Which is not true of an analytic rubric?
a. It is time consuming
b. It is easier to construct than the holistic rubric
c. It gives one's level of performance per criterion
d. It allows one to pinpoint the strengths and weaknesses of one's work.
Answer: B

25. Mrs. Bacani prepared a rubric with 5 levels of performance described in 5-excellent, 4-very satisfactory, 3-satisfactory, 2 needs improvement, 1-poor. After using this rubric with these descriptions, she found out that most of her students had a rating of 3. Even those who are evidently poor in their performance had a rating of satisfactory. Cold there be a possible error in the use of the rubric?
a. Yes, the teacher could have committed the generosity error.
b. Yes, the teacher could have committed the central tendency source of error.
c. No, it is just common to see more of the students having grade of 3 in a 5-point scale.
d. No, such result is acceptable as long as it has a positive consequence to the students.
Answer: B

Prof. Ed. Assessment and Evaluation of Learning

1. In a positively skewed distribution, the following statement are true except
a. Median is higher than the mode.
b. Mean is higher than the Media.
c. Mean is lower than the Mode.
d. Mean is not lower than the Mode. Answer: C

2. Which of the following questions indicate a norm - referred interpretation?
a. How does the pupils test performance in our school compare with that of other schools?:
b. How does a pupil's test performance in reading and mathematics compare?
c. What type of remedial work will be most helpful for a slow- learning pupil?
d. Which pupils have achieved master of computational skills?
Answer: A

3. What is the performance of a student in the National Achievement Test (NAT) if he obtained/got a stanine score of 5?
a. Between average and above average
b. Between average and below average
c. Below average
d. Average Answer: D

4. Based on the figure, which is true about the distribution?
a. Mean=55, median=48, mode=34
b. Mean=46, median=40, mode=37
c. Mean=63, median=63, mode=63
d. The distribution is mesokrutic

                                              Answer: C

5. If quartile deviation is to median, what is to mean?
a. Standard deviation
b. Mode
c. Range
d. Variance                                                                                                                          Answer: A

6. In a normal distribution, which of the following is true?
a. median=mode=mean
b. median≠mode=mean
c. median≠mode≠mean
d. Mean=median=mode                                                                                                Answer: D

7. Which of the following situations may lower the validity of test?
a. Mrs. Josea increases the number of items measuring each specific skill from three to five.
b. Mr. Santosa simplifies the language in the directions for the test.
c. Miss. Lopeza removes the items in the achievement test that everyone would be able to answer correctly.
d. None of the above.
Answer: D

8. In a negatively skewed distribution, which of the following statements is true?
a. Mode is lower than the mean.
b. Mean is lower than the mode.
c. Median is higher than the mode.
d. Mode is lower than the median. Answer: B

9. In a negatively skewed distribution, the following statements are true EXCEPT?
a. Mean is not higher than the median
b. Median is lower than the mode.
c. Mean is lower than the mode.
d. Mode is less than the median.                                                               Answer: D

10. Miss Cortez administered a test to her class and the result is positively skewed. What kind of test do you think Miss Cortez gave to her pupils?
a. Post test
b. Pretest
c. Mastery test
d. Criterion-referenced test                                                                          Answer: B

11. The result of the test given by teacher A showed a negatively skewed distribution. What kind of test did Teacher A give?
a. The test is difficult
b. It is not too easy nor too difficult
c. It is moderately difficult
d. It is easy                                                                                                                           Answer: D

12. When the distribution is skewed to the right, what kind of test was administered?
a. Difficult
b. Easy
c. Average/moderately difficult
d. Partly easy- partly difficult                                                                                          Answer: A

13. In a negatively skewed distribution, what kind of students does Teacher B have?
a. Very good
b. Very poor
c. Average
d. Heterogeneous                                                                                           Answer: A

14. In a positively skewed distribution, the students are?
a. Very good
b. Very poor
c. Average
d. Normally distributed                                                                                                    Answer: B

15. In a positively skewed distribution, which of the following statements is true?
a. Mode = 67 while Media = 54
b. Median = 53 while Mean = 41
c. Mean = 73 while Mode = 49
d. Median = 34 while Mode = 42                                                               Answer: C

16. Which statements represent criterion-referenced interpretation?
a. Lucresia did better in solving the linear equation than 80% of representative Algebra students.
b. Lucresia's score indicates that she is able to solve about two thirds of all one-variable linear equations of such complexity.
c. Students who have reached Lucresia's level on linear equations usually succeed in the subsequent unit on simultaneous equations with special help or extra time; i.e., Lucresia is ready to move ahead.
d. All of the above
Answer: B

17. Bernard obtained a 97 percentile rank in an aptitude test. This means
a. He answered 97% of the items correctly.
b. He belongs to the 97% of the group who took the test.
c. 79% of the examinees did better than her on the test.
d. He surpassed 97% of those who took the test.                                                                    Answer: D
18. Which set of scores has the least variability?
Set 1 0,5,10,15,20
Set 2   25,35,45,55
Set 3 0,2,8,15,20
Set 4 505,501,503

a. Set 1                      c. Set 3
b. Set 2                      d. Set 4                                                                                                                Answer: D

19. Standard deviation is to variability as mode to?
a. Correlation
b. Discrimination
c. Central tendency
d. Level of difficulty                                                                                         Answer: C

20. Goring performed better than 65% of the total number of examinees in the district achievement test. What is his percentile rank?
a. P35                        c. P66
b. P65                        d. P75                                                                              Answer: B

21. Which is a guidance function of a test?
a. Identifying pupils who need corrective teaching
b. Predicting success in future academic and vocational education
c. Assigning marks for courses taken
d. Grouping pupils for instruction within a class
Answer: B

22. Mr. Reyes, an elementary school teacher in Science found out that many of his pupils got very high scores in the test. What measure of central tendency should he use to describe their average performance in the subject?
a. Mean c. Mode
b. Median                d. Range                                                                         Answer: B

23. Which of the following indicates how compressed or expanded the distribution of scores is?
a. Measures of position
b. Measures of central tendency
c. Measures of correlation
d. Measures of variability                                                                             Answer: D

24. The proportion passing the upper and lower group is .80 and .95, respectively. What is the index of difficulty?
a. .38                          c. .58
b. .40                          d. 1.02                                                                                               Answer: C

25. Mr. Gringo tried to correlate the scores of his pupils in the Social studies test with their grades in the same subject last 3rd quarter. What test validity is he trying to establish?
a. Content validity
b. Construct validity
c. Concurrent validity
d. Criterion related validity                                                                            Answer: C

Assessment and Evaluation of Learning

1. If a test item has a difficulty index of 0.06, how would you describe the test item?
a. It is very easy.
b. It is moderately difficulty.
c. It is very difficult
d. It is difficult Answer: C

2. Two sections have the same mean but the standard deviation of section 2 is higher than section 1. Which of the two sections is more homogeneous?
a. Section 1              c. Both A and B
b. Section 2              d. None of the above                                                                                     Answer: A

3. Miss Corteza administered a test to her class and the result is positively skewed. What kind of test do you think Miss Corteza gave to her pupils?
a. Posttest                c. Mastery test
b. Pretest                  d. Criterion-referenced test                                                        Answer: B

4. In his second item analysis, Mr. Gonzales found out that more from the lower group got the test item 15 correctly. What does this mean?
a. The item has become more valid
b. The item has become more reliable
c. The item has a positive discriminating power
d. The item has a negative discriminating power                                                                     Answer: D

5. Q1 is 25th percentile as media is to what percentile?
a. 40th percentile c. 50th percentile
b. 60th percentile ` d. 75th percentile                                                                        Answer: C

6. Which is implied by a positively skewed scores distribution?
a. The mean, the median, and the mode are equal.
b. Most of the scores are high
c. Most of the scores are low.
d. The mode is high                                                                                                                            Answer: C

7. In a normal distribution curve, what does a T-score of 60 mean?
a. Two SDs below the mean
b. Two SDs below the mean
c. One SD below the mean
d. One SD above the mean                                                                                            Answer: D

For items 8 to 13, what does each figure/distribution on the right indicate?
8. a. mean > median > mode
b. mean < mode > median
c. mean > mode < median
d. mean < median < mode

Answer: D

9. a. mode < mean < median
b. mode > mean > median
c. median < mode > mean
d. none of the above

Answer: D

10. a. equal means, unequal standard deviations
b. equal means, equal standard deviations
c. unequal means, equal standard deviations
d. unequal means unequal standard deviations

Answer: A

11. a unequal means, equal standard deviations
b. unequal means, equal standard deviations
c. equal means, equal standard deviations
d. equal means, unequal standard deviations

Answer: A

12. a. unequal variability, equal means, different shapes
b. unequal means, equal variability, different shapes
c. equal variability, equal means, different shapes
d. unequal variability, unequal means, different shapes Answer: C

13. a. unequal means, equal standard deviations
b. equal means, unequal standard deviations
c. equal means, equal standard deviations
d. unequal means, unequal standard deviations

Answer: D

14. In conducting a parent- teacher conference, which of the following is NOT true?
a. Be friendly and informal
b. Be a know-it-all person
c. Be willing to accept suggestions
d. Be careful in giving advice Answer: B

15. In a frequency distribution, what is the midpoint of the class interval whose lower and upper limits are 99.5 and 109.5?
a. 107.0
b. 105.0
c. 104.5
d. 102.5 Answer: C

16. In a frequency distribution, what is the interval size of the class whose lower and upper limits are 9.5 and 19.5?
a. 11.0                       c. 9.0
b. 10.0                       d. 5.0                                                                                                  Answer: B

17. Given a mean of 55 and a standard deviation of 8, what two scores include one standard deviation below and above the mean?
a. 46 and 63            c. 47 and 63
b. 47 and 64            d. 46 and 64                                                                                    Answer: C

18. Given the same mean of 55 and standard deviation of 8, what score corresponds to two standard deviation above the mean?
a. 70                           c. 72
b. 71                           d. 73                                                                                                   Answer: B

19. What principle of test construction is violated when one places very difficult items at the beginning; thus creating frustration among students particularly those of average ability and below average?
a. All the items of particular type should be placed together in the test.
b. The items should be phrased so that the content rather than the form of the statements will determine the answer.
c. All items should be approximately 50 percent difficulty.
d. The items of any particular type should be arranged in an ascending order of difficulty.
Answer: D

20. Mrs. Reyes would like to find out how well her students know each other. What assessment instrument would best suit her objective?
a. Self-report instrument
b. Sociometric technique
c. Guess-who technique
d. All of the above                                                                                           Answer: C

21. Mr. Reyes asked his pupils to indicate on the piece of paper the names of their classmates whom they would like to be with for some group activity, what assessment technique did Mr. Reyes use?
a. Self-report technique
b. Guess-who technique
c. Sociometric technique
d. Anecdotal technique                                                                                                   Answer: C

22. Which of the following assessment procedures/tools is useful in assessing social relation skills?
a. Anecdotal record
b. Attitude scale
c. Peer appraisal
d. any of the above                                                                                                           Answer: C

23. If the proportion passing for the upper and lower group is .90 and .30 respectively, what is the discrimination index?
a. .40                          c. .60
b. .50                          d. .70                                                                                                  Answer: C

24. Which is an example of affective learning outcome?
a. Interpret stimuli from various modalities to provide data needed in making adjustments to the environment
b. Judge problem and issues in terms of situations involved than in terms of fixed dogmatic thinking
c. Appreciate the quality and worth of the story read
d. None of the above
Answer: B

25. Mr. Mirasol who is a high school teacher in English conducted an item analysis of her test. She found out that four of the items of the test obtained the following difficulty and discrimination indices and as follows:

Item Number	Difficulty Index	Discrimination Index
1	.58	.49
2	.92	.72
3	.09	.32
4	.93	.15

Which of the above items should be discard in her item pool?
a. Item 1 c. Item 3
b. Item 2 d. Item 4 Answer: D

Curriculum Development

1. Which is NOT a provision for the development of each learner in a good curriculum?
a. Extensive arrangements are made for the educational diagnosis of individual learners.
b. Self-directed, independent study is encouraged wherever possible and advisable.
c. Self-motivation and self-evaluation are stimulated and emphasized throughout the learning opportunities of the school.
d. The program provides a wide range of opportunities for individuals with same abilities, needs and interests.
Answer: D

2. Teacher Lily would like to take part in developing a subject-centered curriculum because she believes that all subjects in this type of curriculum are geared towards the hollistic development of the learner. Is her belief about the subject-centered curriculum true?
a. Yes, because the subject-centered curriculum focuses on the learners needs, interests and abilities.
b. No, because it is the experience-centered curriculum that emphasizes the teaching of facts and knowledge for future use.
c. Yes, because the subject-centered curriculum involves cooperative control.
d. No, because it is the experience centered and not the subject-centered curriculum that emphasizes integration of habits and skills in learning the knowledge component of subject areas.
Answer: D

3. In the elementary level, English literature and Social studies relate well. While history is being studied, different literary pieces during the historical period is being studied as well. What curriculum design is shown here?
a. Separate subject design
b. Correlation design
c. Discipline design
d. Broad field design                                                                                                         Answer: C

4. This phase of curriculum development involves decisions, among other things, on grade placement and sequencing of content. Which phase is this?
a. Curriculum planning
b. Curriculum evaluation
c. Curriculum organization
d. Curriculum implementation                                                                                      Answer: C

5. One example of this design of subject-centered curriculum is that which shows social studies being combined with geography, civics, culture and history to comprises subject area. Which design is this?
a. Correlated
b. Broadfields
c. Separate Subject
d. Core                                                                                                                                   Answer: B
6. Ms. Ortiz, as Science teacher tries to enrich the content of her lesson by identifying related concepts in Math. What pattern of organizing subjects did Ms. Ortiz consider?
a. Broadfield            c. Core
b. Correlated           d. Separate Subject                                                                      Answer: B

7. Which design is easy to deliver because complementary books and materials are commercially available?
a. Experience centered design
b. Problem design
c. Process design
d. Subject centered design                                                                           Answer: D

8. What refers to the matching between curriculum and test to be used to assess the learners?
a. Alignment           c. Articulation
b. Auditing               d. Delivery                                                                                        Answer: A

9. Ms. Mateo, a History teacher considers the element of time in arranging content of her lessons in World History. What way of establishing sequence is given emphasis by Ms. Mateo?
a. Simple to complex
b. Part to whole
c. Concrete to abstract
d. Chronological                                                                                               Answer: D

10. Mr. Rivera, a new teacher believes that education is a process of development and is life itself; therefore, experience related to the child's need and interest should be given primary consideration. What educational philosophy is being exhibited by Mr. Rivera?
a. Idealism
b. Reconstructionism
c. Progressivism
d. Realism                                                                                                                            Answer: C

11. A stakeholder in curriculum development, Mr. Cruz, a district supervisor and a member of the school board has one of the following primary roles.
a. Support and participate in parent-school organization activities.
b. Authorize school expenditures for curriculum development, implementation and evaluation
c. Enact legislation to effect curriculum improvement.
d. Recommend changes in curriculum.
Answer: D

12. The schools in the first District plan to adopt the reading program used in the third district. What level of curriculum improvement is used?
a. Variation
b. Value orientation
c. Substitution
d. Restructuring                                                                                                                  Answer: C

13. Mr. Bernardo, a curriculum consultant on Economics insists that in selecting the curriculum content, it is better that throughout the high school years, economic geography concepts be used to recur and be repeated with depth for effective learning. What criterion in content selection is shown here?
a. Validity                 c. Significance
b. Continuity            d. Learnability                                                                                 Answer: B

14. The Filipino learners envisioned by the Department of Education (DepEd) in the light of K-12 Curriculum is
a. Technologically literate or logistically developed Filipino
b. Functionally literate or logistically developed Filipino
c. Scientifically Advanced and Values Oriented Filipino
d. National Oriented and Internationally Competitive Filipinos
Answer: B

15. Teacher Dominguito believes that a new respect for the child is fundamental in curriculum. Thus, all activities in the classroom are geared towards the development of the child - the center of the educative process. To which approach in curriculum does Teacher Dominguito adhere?
a. Learner-centered                c. Problem-centered
b. Subject-centered                d. Pragmatic                                                                                    Answer: A

16. Mrs. Manuel, the Principal of Bagong Barrio Elementary School invited the Brgy. Captain in the school to solicit inputs for a new curriculum in Social Science which highlights indigenous knowledge in the community. What is shown in this situation?
a. Community members as supporters of curriculum
b. Community members as curriculum resources
c. Community members as managers of curriculum
d. Community members as beneficiaries of curriculum
Answer: B

17. Teacher Bert puts emphasis on the immediate felt interests and needs of his students and not on the anticipated needs and interests. What type of curriculum does teacher Bert adheres?
a. Subject-centered                c. Experience-centered
b. Learner-centered                d. Culture-based                                                                            Answer: C

18. What type of curriculum divides the school day into different periods such as language arts, social studies, science and health, arithmetic, etc.?
a. Correlated           c. Integrated
b. Broad fields         d. Separate Subject                                                                                        Answer: D

19. Which curriculum design element is taking place when Eduardo, a 4th year student can connect the lessons he learned in a subject area to a related content in another subject area?
a. Articulation
b. Balance
c. Continuity
d. Integration                                                                                                                      Answer: D

20. The following curricular changes took place in what particular period? Restore Grade VII, double-single session was abolished and more textbooks were written by Filipino authors.
a. American Period
b. Philippine Republic
c. Japanese Occupation
d. New Society                                                                                                                   Answer: B

21. This concept includes the sub-processes of curriculum planning, organization, implementation and evaluation. Which concept is this?
a. Curriculum development
b. Curriculum assessment
c. Curriculum management
d. Curriculum and instruction                                                                                         Answer: A

22. If curriculum is the "means", what is the "end"?
a. Strategies            c. Technique
b. Instruction           d. Approaches                                                                                Answer: B

23. The curriculum used during the period in Philippine history terminated the use of English as a medium of instruction, What period is this?
a. American
b. Spanish
c. Commonwealth
d. Japanese                                                                                                                         Answer: D


24. Which of the following statements about the concept of curriculum is NOT quite acceptable?
a. It refers to all experiences that both the school and the teacher provide the students with.
b. It is the set of acquired knowledge, habits and skills
c. It consists of everything that goes within the school.
d. It is a planned action for instruction
Answer: C

25. What process is being undertaken by curriculum developers when they enrich or modify certain aspects of a particular program without changing its fundamental conceptions?
a. Curriculum improvement
b. Curriculum change
c. Curriculum design
d. Curriculum implementation                                                                                      Answer: A

                                                        Curriculum Development

1. What design element establishes the vertical linkage from level to level to avoid glaring gaps and wasteful overlaps?
a. Articulation         c. Scope
b. Balance                d. Sequence                                                                                    Answer: A

2. What refers to the authenticity of the content selected by the curriculum developer?
a. Feasibility            c. Significance
b. Learnability         d. Validity                                                                                         Answer: D

3. What do we call the allocation of content to a definite grade capable of learning?
a. Time allotment
b. Grade placement
c. Grade level
d. Maturity level                                                                                               Answer: B
4. Which pattern of experience-centered curriculum centers around the normal activities of children and is based on each child's needs, interests and potentials?
a. Child-centered
b. Activity
c. Social function
d. Specific competencies                                                                              Answer: A

5. Which curriculum development phase focuses on the change which will take place in certain aspects of the curriculum without changing the fundamental conceptions?
a. Curriculum planning
b. Curriculum design
c. Curriculum improvement
d. Curriculum evaluation                                                                                                 Answer: C

6. Which is not a component of curriculum designing?
a. Objective                               c. learning experiences
b. learning content                  d. Diagnosis of needs                                                                   Answer: D

7. Which type of curriculum design serves as a response to society's demand for integration of knowledge and enables the learner to see relationship among various aspects?
a. Broadfield            c. Core
b. Correlated           d. Separate subjects                                                                     Answer: A

8. Who controls the subject centered-curriculum?
a. Learner c. Parent
b. Teacher d. Teacher and parent Answer: B

9. To provide individual differences in the classroom, how is curriculum designed?
a. Minimum learning competencies are included
b. Realistic and meaningful experiences are provided
c. Some degree of flexibility is provided
d. Social skills are emphasized                                                                                                       Answer: C

10. To ensure success in curriculum development, which of the following specific actions should a curriculum leader avoid?
a. Work with people over them.
b. Use your status frequently to establish discipline
c. Keep channels of communication open
d. Show that you too desire to improve                                                                                       Answer: B

11. Which of the following is a reason for the continuous appraisal of the existing curriculum in all levels?
a. New national policies in government
b. Changing needs and condition of society
c. Economic status of the people
d. Political trust of the country                                                                                                         Answer: B

12. Which of the following best defines curriculum development?
a. The total mental phenomena directly received at any given time
b. The planning of learning opportunities intended to bring about certain desired changes in pupils and the assessment of the extent to which these changes have taken place.
c. A continuous cycle of activities in which all elements of curriculum are considered.
d. Education is aiding each child to be socially creative individuals.
Answer: B

13. To build a sense of pride among Filipino youth, which should be done in the curriculum?
a. Re-study our history and stress on our achievements as a people.
b. Re-study our history from the perspective of our colonizer.
c. Replace the study of folklore and myths with technical subjects.
d. Set aside the study of local history.
Answer: A

14. What do you call the curriculum when the teacher puts into action all the different planned activities in the classroom?
a. Recommended Curriculum
b. Written Curriculum
c. Taught Curriculum
d. Supported Curriculum                                                                               Answer: C

15. Which statement about the subject-centered curriculum is NOT true?
a. There is a high level of cooperative interaction
b. It covers much content in a short period of time
c. The teacher has full control of the classroom activities
d. The main task is mastery of learning                                                                                       Answer: A

16. Schools divide the school hours to different subjects such as reading, grammar, literature, math, science, history and geography. What curriculum design is referred here?
a. Problem-centered
b. Learner-centered
c. Subject-centered
d. Culture-based                                        Answer: C

17. Which is NOT a description of the learner-centered curriculum?
a. Emphasis is on the total growth and development of the learners
b. Controlled and cooperatively directed by learners, teachers and parents
c. Education is a means to develop social creative individual
d. Emphasis upon facts and knowledge for future use
Answer: D

18. The K-12 curriculum is otherwise called as
a. 2002 Basic Education Curriculum
b. Revitalized Basic Education Curriculum
c. Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum
d. Extended Basic Education Curriculum                                                                                      Answer: C

19. What refers to an individual or group of individuals who have a direct and indirect influence in curriculum development?
a. Stockholders                        c. Promoters
b. Stakeholders                        d. Incorporators                                                            Answer: B

20. What refers to the appropriateness of the content in the light of the particular students who are to experience the curriculum?
a. Significance                          c. Interest
b. Validity                                   d. Learnability                                                                                 Answer: D

21. Which of the following statements is NOT acceptable?
a. Instruction is the actual engagement of learners in the planned learning activities.
b. Curriculum determines what assessment should be done, and how to do it.
c. Instruction requires teachers to use a variety of action to accomplish a variety of functions.
d. Assessment establishes what is to be accomplished in teaching and learning.
Answer: D

22. Which characteristic of a good curriculum highlights the psychological nature of the learner?
a. Provisions are made for the smooth transition and continuing achievement of pupils.
b. Curriculum plans in areas which extend over several years are developed vertically.
c. Classroom practices give attention to the maturity and learning problems of each pupil.
d. Cooperative planning and teaching provide for exchange of information about pupil's learning experiences.
Answer: C

23. Objectives must be evaluated in the light of practical considerations, including teacher competence, availability of instructional materials, time allotment, etc. What characteristic of educational objective is defined by the aforementioned statement?
a. Comprehension c. Consistency
b. Attainability                          d. Feasibility                                                                  Answer: D

24. "Knowledge is true if it is workable". What philosophical foundation supports this statement?
a. Idealism               c. Pragmatism
b. Realism                d. Essentialism                                                                               Answer: C

25. As a member of the curriculum committee, your chief concern is to give the child freedom to choose what to learn and believe, as you allow them to set their own identities and standards. What philosophy will you consider?
a. Existentialism     c. Idealism
b. Realism                                  d. Pragmatism                                                              Answer: A

Educational Technology
1. Which of the following statements has a very limited definition of educational technology?
a. It is a profession composed of various job categories.
b. It refers to the computers used for teaching and learning.
c. It includes audiovisual materials, interactive multimedia and self-instructional materials.
d. It is the development, application and evaluation of system, techniques and aids to improve human learning
Answer: B

2. Which of the following statements is correct about the domains of educational technology?
a. Design is the production stage while development is the planning stage.
b. Both the design and development are the planning stage.
c. Evaluation is synonymous with implementation.
d. Utilization is the action phase.
Answer: D

3. Ms. Gomez is planning to integrate technology in her Mathematics class. Which of the following would be the logical steps in doing this?
I. Set the objectives
II. Analyze the learners
III. Utilize the materials with showmanship
IV. Evaluate the performance of the students

a. I, II, III, IV                c. I, II, IV, III

b. II, I, III, IV                d. II, I, IV, III                                                                                        Answer: B

4. Which of the following is a limitation of models and real objects in teaching and learning?
a. They pose problems on storage
b. They make learning more concrete.
c. They provide hands-on learning experiences.
d. They are readily available in the environment, around school and in the home.
Answer: A

5. Which group of technologies has the highest degree of concreteness?
a. Realia and computer
b. Video, picture and television
c. Digital video, film, versatile compact disc
d. Book, imaginative literature, programmed instruction
Answer: A

6. Mrs. Del Prado placed text together with the relevant graphics on the same page in her multimedia presentation. Which principle did she apply?
a. Split attention
b. Spatial contiguity
c. Cost effectiveness
d. Communication effectiveness                                                                                                    Answer: A

7. Mrs. Olivarez presented real samples of rocks in her General Science class. What principle did she apply?
a. Appropriateness
b. Authenticity
c. Responsiveness
d. Simplicity                                                                                                                                           Answer: B

8. Which is the best reason why teachers state the objectives before using instructional media?
a. To secure materials
b. To prepare the materials beforehand.
c. To determine which media to use best.
d. To be able to practice how to operate the equipment                                     Answer: C

9. Which of the following should Mr. Rivera primarily consider in determining the teaching-learning objectives and use of instructional media?
a. The assessment tool to be used
b. The learning activities
c. The learner
d. The teacher                                                                                                                                      Answer: B
10. Which of the following technologies provide iconic experiences to students/ children?
a. Video and books
b. Pictures and videos
c. Radio and recording
d. Modules and periodicals                                                                          Answer: B

11. Which of these technologies used in the classroom are arranged from the most symbolic to multisensory?
a. Real objects, print, audio-visual materials and visual materials
b. Visual materials, audio visual materials, print and computers
c. Visual materials, print, audio-visual materials and realia
d. Print, audio-visual materials, computers and realia
Answer: D

12. Which of the following is inappropriate in using printed visuals such as charts, graphs and drawings?
a. Provide written or verbal cues to highlight important aspect of visuals
b. Present the instructional materials simultaneously
c. Use materials that everyone can see
d. Make the presentation suspenseful
Answer: B

13. Susan wants to learn more English. Specifically, she wants to improve her listening skills. She has a CD player, a tape recorder and has internet access. As an English teacher, what do you suggest?
I. CDs with English listening drills
II. Tapes with English listening drills
III. Internet website such as Go4English, English Language Listening Lab or Randall's listening Lab

a. I and II c. I or III
b. II and III d. I, II and III Answer: D

14. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the contributions of technology to student learning?
a. The quality of learning can be improved.
b. The delivery of instruction can be more interesting.
c. The method of teaching and learning becomes more interactive.
d. The role of the teacher can be changed into knowledge dispenser.
Answer: D

15. Mr. Tarnate, an ICT teacher takes into account technology standards to address the needs of the students and help them adapt with the changing society and technology Which of the following standards is an exception?
a. Creativity and innovation
b. Research and information literacy
c. Model digital-age work and learning
d. Technology operations and concepts Answer: C

16. Ms. Vinluan, a computer teacher demonstrates understanding of local and global issues and exhibits ethical and legal use of information and communications technology tools. Which is true about her?
a. She models digital-age work and learning
b. She facilitates and inspires student learning and creativity.
c. She promotes and models digital citizenship and responsibility.
d. She designs and develops digital-age learning experiences and assessments
Answer: C

17. With the fast-paced evolution of technologies nowadays, why are teachers encouraged to shift gradually from a teacher-centered instruction to a learner-centered instruction?
I. A learner-centered instruction focuses on transformation of facts.

a. II and IV                c. I, III and IV
b. I, II and IV             d. II, III and IV                                                                                   Answer: C

18. Ms. Hernandez employs student-centered instruction as the learners create their digital portfolios in her computer class. What could be developed among them through this approach?
a. Repetition and active learning
b. Mastery of skills and information delivery
c. Information processing and passive learning
d. Construction of knowledge and information exchange
Answer: D

19. Mr. Torres will have a multimedia presentation in his Science class. Which of the following should he avoid?
a. Consider technical quality.
b. Apply different computer effects per slid.
c. Present information through graphic organizers
d. Use contrasting colors for text and background.                                               Answer: B

20. Mrs. Sison would like to integrate technology in writing a friendly letter. Which of the following is the most effective way of doing it?
a. Let the pupils surf a friendly letter from the internet
b. Have the pupils write a friendly letter and send it through an email.
c. have the pupils forward a downloaded friendly letter to others via email.
d. Let the pupils write a friendly letter using word processing and have it critiqued by their peers.
Answer: D

21. Which of the following computer-based instructional materials can be used to learn new concepts?
a. Games                  c. Simulation
b. Tutorial                 d. Drill and practice                                                                       Answer: B

22. Professor dela Cruz would like to create a presentation material for her lesson on the types of computer-assisted instruction. To make her presentation effective, which?
a. Situating tool                        c. Productivity tool
b. Informative tool d. Communicative tool                                               Answer: C

23. Professor Reyes is thinking of an online learning approach by which content provides links to information at other locations and serves as a focal point for a distance education experience. Which of the following should she use?
a. Teleconferencing
b. Self-paced program
c. Web-based instruction
d. Computer-aided instruction                                                                                      Answer: C

24. Which is NOT a basic consideration in selecting and evaluating the content of an educational technology tool?
a. Does it match the content?
b. Can it be easily dismantled?
c. Will it motivate and maintain interest?
d. Is there evidence of its effectiveness?                                                                   Answer: B

25. Your father wanted to finish his long dreamed course but he wanted to do it at home during his free time. Would you recommend an online learning?
a. Yes, because online learning is the "in" thing
b. No, because online learning inhibits student-teacher interaction.
c. No, because hiring a helper would enable him to attend regularly in his class.
d. Yes, because he could learn at his own pace using a wide spectrum of technologies.
Answer: D

Educational Technology

1. Ms. Delos Santos is a fresh graduate teacher who was hired to teach in an elementary school where there are enough resources for instruction. She wanted to start preparing her instructional materials. Which is the most systematic process in doing this?
a. Design, utilization, evaluation, development
b. Design, development, utilization, evaluation
c. Development, design, utilization, evaluation
d. Development, utilization, evaluation, design
Answer: B

2. Which is the most important reason why teachers need to preview their instructional materials that will be used in the class?
a. To gain confidence in using them
b. To encourage viewers to be more focused
c. To avoid potential problems that might occur while materials are in use
d. To ensure appropriateness of the materials with the objectives and target audience
Answer: D

3. After Ms. Rivas planned her lesson in English, she found out that the materials at hand do not match her objectives. Which is the best thing that she can do?
a. Modify the available materials
b. Teach the lesson the following day.
c. Change the objectives to match with available materials.
d. Carry out the lesson as planned and use the materials at hand.
Answer: A

4. Prof. Balagtas used worksheets, manipulatives, and models in teaching math to help her students understand the lessons and love the subject. What did she bear in mind when she used these materials?
a. Appropriateness                 c. Breadth
b. Balance                                  d. Variety                                                      Answer: D

5. With increasing use of educational technology inside the classroom, what role is expected of the teacher?
a. Facilitator            c. Knowledge giver
b. Researcher          d. Source of information                                           Answer: A

6. It is impractical to bring real objects to the classroom so Aaron constructed a three-dimensional visual instead. Which of the following did he construct?
a. Chart                     c. Model
b. Cartoon                d. Graphic organizer                                                                     Answer: C

7. You asked your students to show a two-dimensional illustration of what they have understood from what they have read. Which of the following non-projected visuals are you referring to?
a. Graphic organizer               c. Model
b. Print materials   d. Realia                                                        Answer: A

8. There are several reasons why teachers are reluctant in using electronic media in the teaching-learning process. Which is the most common reason?
a. The limited exposure of teachers to new equipment
b. Their incompatibility to diverse needs of the learners
c. The difficulty in integrating technology in the curriculum
d. The excessive availability of local technology in the community
Answer: A

9. Prof. Mandanas would like to use an audio compact disc in teaching a lesson in Filipino. In which activity in the teaching-learning process is it very effective?
a. In developing listening skills
b. In teaching creating thinking
c. In composing poems
d. In building concepts                                                                                                     Answer: A

10. Plants, pebbles, and blocks are just some of the effective instructional materials readily found in the environment if they are utilized properly. Which of the following is INCORRECT about their classroom use?
a. Pass a single object around the class.
b. Familiarize yourself with the object or model before its actual utilization.
c. Use the objects as springboard in encouraging students' active participation.
d. Make sure that the realia and model are large enough to be seen by the whole class.
Answer: A

11. Prof. Ruiz uses projected visuals such as Digital Liquid Projector (DLP) in presenting her lesson. What could be her main reason for using it?
a. The projected materials are readily available.
b. They are more abstract than any other visuals.
c. Most projected visuals can be obtained at no cost.
d. She can easily prepare for own transparencies in advance.
Answer: A

12. Ms. Samonte used a film clip in teaching Social Studies concepts to her First Year High School class. However, she found out that it was ineffectively used in the classroom. When is technology considered INEFFECTIVE?
a. When it promotes mastery of the lesson
b. When it makes viewing more interesting
c. When it helps attain the objectives of the lesson
d. When it induces alienation on the part of the learners
Answer: D

13. Your principal purchased new computer units for your Learning Resource Center. Which of the following should be your last consideration in using the technology?
a. Computers can be used for entertainment.
b. Computers can be used for research activity.
c. Computers can be used for interactive presentation.
d. Computers can be used to reinforce discussion of difficult concepts in class.
Answer: A

14. Computers can be classified according to the roles they play namely communicative tool, informative tool, and constructive tool. What is the other role of computers not mentioned in this item?
a. Instructional tool                 c. Utility tool
b. Situating tool                        d. Application tool                                     Answer: B

15. Which of the following categories of CAI will you use in your class if your objective is to increase proficiency in a newly learned skill or refresh an existing one?
a. Tutorial                 c. Drill and practice
b. Simulation           d. Instructional game                                                                   Answer: C

16. Which of the following is an ineffective use of Presentation software?
a. Darken the room.
b. Use appropriate pacing.
c. Read directly from the slides.
d. Allow interaction with the learner.                                                        Answer: C

17. Which of the following is NOT an example of a communicative tool?
a. Chat
b. Electronic mail
c. Teleconferencing
d. Multimedia encyclopedia                                                                                          Answer: D
18. Why is one-way delivery of information a misuse of communication tools?
a. Because the teacher expects the student to study more
b. Because it requires activities that focus on thinking than responding
c. Because it enables the users to focus more on higher level cognitive activities
d. Because this kind of practice lessens interaction capabilities of communication tools
Answer: D

19. Internet consists of thousands of connected computer networks around the world. Which term does not refer to internet?
a. NET                       c. Cyberspace
b. On-line                 d. Information Superhighway                                                                      Answer: B

20. Which technology tool can Prof. Soriano use to communicate asynchronously with her students?
a. Chat and blog
b. Chat and instant messaging
c. Blog and video conferencing
d. Electronic bulletin board and email                                                                                          Answer: D

21. In your computer subject, you allow your class to chat as part of your motivation before discussing to them the roles of computer as a tool. How is chat used in this context?
a. Information tool                  c. Communicative tool
b. Application tool d. Situating tool                                                                              Answer: B

22. Which statement is INCORRECT about computer conferencing?
a. It refers to live student interaction with an expert.
b. It is also known as discussion forum or bulletin board.
c. It also refers to online class discussions, forums or debates.
d. It permits two or more individuals
Answer: A

23. Which instructional application will you introduce to your class if your objective is to help them find and use information resources available in the internet?
a. Webquests                           c. Scavenger Hunt
b. Hybrid course     d. Distance education                                                                  Answer: C

24. In the delivery of distance education, what computer application is used to organize instructions and track students records and progress?
a. Computer-based Multimedia
b. Computer-assisted Instruction
c. Computer-mediated Education
d. Computer-managed Instruction                                                                              Answer: B

25. When is distance education as effective as the traditional instruction?
a. When the method, technologist and assessment used are appropriate to the required competencies.
b. When the course requires more face-to-face communication between the students and teachers.
c. When students depend more on their online mentor.
d. When there is student to student interaction.
Answer:

GENERAL EDUCATION

Social Science

1.It was a major cause of both World War I and World War II?
a. The spread of Marxian ideas into Europe
b. The dropping of atomic bombs
c. Nationalism and national borders
d. The rise of totalitarian fascist states                                                                      Answer: D

2. In which organization is the Philippines a member to fight communist aggression?
a. APEC   c. UN
b. ASA                       d. SEATO -Southeast Asian Treaty Organization                                                      Answer: D

3. The theory that population increases by geometrical ratio while the means of subsistence increases by arithmetical ratio is attributed to?
a. Karl Marx                               c. Emile Durkheim
b. Robert Malthus                   d. Aristotle                                                                                       Answer: B

4. In what instance is the Filipino double-standard morality shown?
a. A couple brings their sick child to the doctor then later to the espiritista
b. Young parents bring up their children in a manner different from how they were brought up
c. Illiterate parents are eager to send their children to school even if they themselves did not go to school
d. A married man who flirts with someone else other than his wife seems acceptable but a married woman who flirts with another man is condemned.
Answer: D

5. Which part of Asia does the Arabian peninsula occupy?
a. Northwest                             c. Southwest
b. Southeast                              d. Northeast                                                                                    Answer: C

6. The important factors which have contributed to the weakness in the internalization of desirable values is the?
a. Lack of models among the very people expected to exemplify these values
b. Use of approaches which are mainly cognitive rather than effective
c. Lack of follow up systems from one grade level to another
d. Minimum recognition and appreciation given to teachers
Answer: A

7. To govern is to rule and the government rules by laws. Whose main duty is the enforcement of laws?
a. Police department c. Legislative department
b. Judiciary department d. Executive department Answer: D

8. The term that refers to the class of Filipinos who were free and independent
a. Timawa c. Aliping namamahay
b. Maharlika d. Aliping saguiguilid Answer: A

9. The Spanish expedition responsible for naming the archipelago Filipinas
a. Magellan’s expedition
b. Loarca expedition
c. Legaspi expedition
d. Villalobos expedition Answer: D

10. The third and last military governor of the Philippines was
a. Gen. Wesley Merritt
b. Gen. Elwell Otis
c. Gen. Arthur MacArthur
d. Gen. Douglas MacArthur                                                                         Answer: C
11. Which Katipunan member commuted from Cavite to Manila to buy materials used to make ammunitions?
a. Teresa Magbanua             c. Teodora Alonso
b. Agueda Esteban                 d. Trinidad Tecson                                                                         Answer: B

12.Which economic system is based on free enterprise?
a. Globalism                              c. Capitalism
b. Mixed economies               d. Communism                                                                               Answer: C

13. How is the so-called colonial mentality manifested?
a. Cultural relativism               c. Xenocentrism
b. Cultural diversity                  d. Ethnocentrism                                                         Answer: C

14. Which is a safeguard against unfair trade practices like short-weighing?
a. Total Quality Movement c. Consumer vigilance
b. Consumerism                       d. Substandardization                                                                  Answer: C

15. If the seven continents were arranged from largest to smallest, in which order does Australia fall?
a. 4th                         c. 6th
b. 5th                         8. 7th                                                                                                 Answer: D

16. In which continent can we find stormy Cape Horn which is known as the graveyard of ships and sailors?
a. Africa c. South America
b. Australia              d. Asia                                                                                               Answer: C

17. Which led to the creation of Pakistan as a nation in 1947? Religious differences between
a. Hindus and Christians
b. Christians and Muslims
c. Hindus and Buddhists
d. Hindus and Muslims                                                                                                    Answer: D

18. Which is common to Sun Yat Sen and Mahatma Gandhi?
a. Promoted a society ruled by religious leaders
b. Rejected violence as a way to political power
c. Led a successful nationalistic movement in their respective countries
d. Supported Marxist philosophy to change existing governments
Answer: B

19. Nebuchadnezzar was to the Babylonian Empire as Asoka was to the ______ Empire.
a. Roman c. Greek
b. Gupta d. Maurya Answer: D

20. With the opposition of the parity rights in mind, who does NOT belong to the group?
a. Claro M. Recto   c. Manuel Roxas
b. Jose Laurel                            d. Pedro Taruc                                                                                Answer: C

21. When the Filipino reformists asked for the assimilation of the Philippines by Spain, what did they ask for? For the Philippines to ____
a. Become independent from Spain
b. Become a province of Spain
c. Be independent from Spain with certain conditions
d. Be represented in the Spanish Cortes                                                                                                        Answer: B

22. Who among the Presidents changed the date of our celebration of Independence day from July 4 to June 12?
a. Ramon Magsaysay                              c. Carlos Garcia

b. Diosdado Macapagal                          d. Ferdinand Marcos                                                                    Answer: B

23. In which country did the Philippines participate in the world’s peacekeeping operations by sending doctors, nurses, soldiers and police?
a. Israel   c. Iraq
b. East Timor           d. Iran                                                                              Answer: C

24. In which poem did Rizal write about offering one’s life for one’s country?
a. A La Juventud Filipina
b. Song of Maria Clara
c. Sa Aking mga Kabata
d. Mi Ultimo Adios                                                                                          Answer: D

25. As an effect of our geography, in which of the following island/s do people travel mostly by water?
a. Luzon c. Visayas
b. Mindanao           d. Visayas and Mindanao                                         Answer: C

26. As an insular country, to which principle does the Philippines adhere when it comes to territorial boundary?
a. Two hundred nautical miles of the country’s coast
b. Three hundred fifty nautical miles from shore
c. Three-mile territorial limit
d. Archipelagic doctrine                                                                                 Answer: D

27. Which part/s of the Visayas has/have comparatively more excessively moist climate and limited arable lands?
a. Western               c. Eastern and Central
b. Eastern                 d. Central and Western                                                               Answer: B

28. Which follows Pres. Garcia’s “Filipino First Policy”? Filipinos
a. Should buy and consume Filipino products only
b. Should not contribute to the brain drain problem
c. Should be selective in the entry in the entry of foreign professionals in the country
d. Were to be given first preference in all matters related to the economic development of the country
Answer: D
29. Aside from the Philippines, which countries claim part of the Spratly islands in the South China Sea?
a. China, Thailand, Brunei, Malaysia
b. China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia
c. Indonesia, China, Taiwan, Malaysia
d. China, Thailand, Brunei, Malaysia                                                                           Answer: B

30. The following are our constitutional rights EXCEPT to
a. Free access to legal assistance which shall not be denied due to poverty
b. Have access to all records of the government
c. Be presumed innocent until proven guilty
d. Form association and labor unions Answer: B

English

1. Robert Frost wrote the poem Acquainted with the Night from which the stanza is taken:
I have been one acquainted with the night.
I have walked out in rain-back in rain.
I have out walked the farthest city light
The poet in the stanza talks of?

a. isolation and loneliness
b. joy getting out of the house
c. youthful delight playing in the rain
d. happiness in having been acquainted with the night                                       Answer: A
2. Which is the BEST WAY to write the underlined portion of this sentence? Researchers also speculate that some teachers might have given boys more computer time because parents and teachers expected boys to need computers for future careers.
a. expected              c. will expect
b. expecting             d. will have expected                                                                                      Answer: D

3. The wounded soldiers were visited by the president who honoured them with ____ for their _____.
a. medals – valor
b. gun salute – bravery
c. appointments – dedication
d. money – sacrifice                                                                                                                            Answer: A

4. Every June, Manila has its festival of outstanding Filipino films. This was a project initiated by
a. Arsenio Lacson c. Antonio Villegas
b. German Moreno                 d. Ramon Bagatsing                                                                     Answer: C

5. Which among the sounds below is voiceless?

a. /b/                        c. /g/
b. /z/                          d. /p/                                                                                                                   Answer: D

6. “Only the heart can see rightly.” This statement is lifted from what particular novel?
a. The Prince and the Pauper                c. The Right One
b. The Little Prince                                     d. The Pearl                                                                   Answer: B

7. He was the American President who said, “Ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.”
a. Gerald Ford                           c. Henry Truman
b. Franklin Roosevelt              d. John F. Kennedy                                                                        Answer: D

8. History is the witness that ______ passing of time.
a. testifies                c. testifies for
b. will testify            d. testifies for the                                                                          Answer: D

9. When I met Liza yesterday, it was the first time I _____ her since Christmas.
a. saw                        c. have seen
b. had seen              d. have been seen                                                                                           Answer: D

10. The commander ordered his men to hold on the fort. What was the message?
a. Surrender in arms
b. Keep on with the fight
c. Disregard the peace negotiation
d. Rescue the hostage victims fast and early                                                           Answer: B

11. “She is a vision of feminine pulchritude.” This stands for the following EXCEPT
a. Loveliness                              c. Homeliness
b. Comeliness                           d. Physical beauty                                                        Answer: C

12. The Nibelungenlied is a
a. Latin Myth                             c. Russian folk song
b. Chinese legend d. Medieval German epic                                         Answer: D

13. An association wherein the name of something is substituted by something that represents it.
a. Metonymy                            c. Euphemism
b. Comparison                          d. Personification                                                         Answer: A

14. Because the moon rotates on its axis at the same time as it ______ around the earth, we see the same side
a. Revolve                 c. Is revolving

b. Revolves               d. Has been revolving                                                                                     Answer: B

15. In English verse, a poetic foot having 1 stressed syllable followed by 1 unstressed syllable is ______.
a. Trochaic               c. Dactylic
b. Iambic                   d. Anapaestic                                                                                                    Answer: A

16. Senators were accused by activists of washing their hands with the perfumes of Arabia. This state is commonly known as
a. Guilt                       c. Indecision
b. Triumph               d. Aggression                                                                                                    Answer: A

17. It is a collection of religious poetry written by Rabindranath Tagore.
a. Mahabharata    c. The Ramayana
b. Gitanjali                                  d. Bhagavad Gita                                                         Answer: B

18. I suggest that he _____ in the room for one week.
a. Stay                       c. Staying
b. Stayed                  d. Stays                                                                                             Answer: A

19. The manager told his workers, “We have to reduce our workforce.” What did he mean?
A. Workers are free to leave
B. Workers are warned of possible lay off
C. Workers have to double time on their jobs
D. Workers should submit themselves to a reducing gym                                  Answer: B

20. The parent remarked, “__________ I come late, just lock the door.”
a. In the absence   c. In the event
b. In the process     d. In the case                                                                                   Answer: C

21. The copyreader found the news story boring. He found it full of _____.
a. Adjectives            c. Pronouns
b. Verbs d. Adverbs                                                                                                          Answer: C

22. There were three guests on the stage. They were made up of a parent, the governor and the principal. Who should be acknowledged first by the valedictorian?
a. The classmates                   c. The governor
b. The principal                         d. The parent                                                                                  Answer: C

23. What is suggested in the opening line? June 13, 1986 - they came from all over America - 200,000 heroes strong, with their families.
a. The writer holds great admiration for the veterans
b. The writer is opposed to the Vietnam War
c. The writer was a veteran of the war
d. The writer is a flag-waving patriot                                                                          Answer: A

24. A readability mismatch happens when the reading levels of books exceed the reading levels of the students. In this situation, the students experience frustration and they fall short of the expected or desired output. A student who finds himself/ herself in such a mismatch will likely do which of the following?
a. Give an intelligent critique of the selection or story read
b. Write a comprehensive reaction paper regarding the selection or story read
c. Present an argument that the selection or story read was not properly written
d. Manifest an expected and commensurate emotional reaction to the selection or story read

Answer: C

25. What does this mean: Excuses are for losers… those who take responsibility for their actions are real winners in life. This tells of?
a. losers often fail because they find reasons for losing
b. a winner can also be a quitter
c. accountability of one’s action tells of bravery
d. excuses are needed to justify any failure                                                              Answer: C

26. A couple accepted a wedding invitation. They showed pleasure in these remarks
a. All guests congratulated the organizers and the couple
b. Guests came in and out of the ceremonies
c. The ceremonies were very impressive
d. The couple felt uneasy with the priest                                                                                     Answer: C

27. What correction should be made to this sentence?
One of the theories is that the first child receives more of the parents' attention than other children so first-borns tend to be more intellectual.
a. Change is to are
b. Insert a comma after children
c. Change parents' to parent's
d. Change theories to theory's                                                                                                                          Answer: B

28. Carl Sundburg wrote "Jazz Fantasia" which has for its first stanza:
*Drum on your drums, batter on your banjos, sob on the long cool winding saxophones. Go to it, O jazzmen.
Which words illustrate alliteration?
a. Batter and banjos               c. Long and cool
b. Sob and winding                 d. To and it                                                                                                         Answer: A

29. What is meant by AT SIXES AND SEVENS in this sentence?
*We moved into the house last week, but I'm afraid everything, is still at sixes and sevens.
a. The things have not been shipped.
b. In a state of confusion
c. In an orderly manner
d. The boxes are still intact                                                                                                               Answer: B

30. What is the mood of these lines?

Daylight, I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I mustn't give in.
When the dawn comes
tonight will be a memory, too
And a new day will begin.
a. Afraid c. Depressed
b. Sarcastic d. Hopeful Answer: D

SCIENCE

1.Which of the following statements best describes a hypothetical element with an electron configuration of 1s22s22p63s23p5?
a. The hypothetical element has an atomic number of 11.
b. The hypothetical element is a member of Group V, otherwise called the Nitrogen Group.
c. The hypothetical element is in the fifth position in the p-block, along the third period of the periodic table.
d. The hypothetical element is located at the third position of the p-block, along the fifth period of the periodic table.
Answer: C

2. Despite the observed diversity among organisms, they are all made from the same set of biomolecules composed of monomeric units except:
a. Proteins c. Nucleic Acids
b. Carbohydrates d. Lipids and Fats Answer: D

3. What will be formed when radium isotope, with 88 protons and 138 neutrons undergoes alpha decay?
a. Radon Atom (Rn222) with 86 Protons
b. Francium Atom (Fr222) with 87 Protons
c. Actinium Atom (Ac222) with 89 Protons
d. Thorium Atom (Th232) with 90 Protons Answer: A

4. Which of the following examples best illustrates application of Boyle’s Law?
a. A tire becomes harder as more air is pumped into it.
b. A sealed aerosol can explodes when thrown into a fire.
c. A balloon expands and bursts when exposed to direct sunlight.
d. A scuba divers stops at certain depths as he ascends to the ocean’s surface.
Answer: D

5. Three liquids A, B, C were studied in a laboratory. Liquid A was found to float over B and C. It was also found that liquid A flows fastest among the three. What can be said about liquid A?
a. Densest and most viscous
b. Densest and least viscous
c. Least dense and most viscous
d. Least dense and least viscous Answer: D

6. Which of the following statements represents a physical change?
a. An antacid tablet forms bubbles when dissolved in water.
b. A flashlight beam slowly gets dimmer and finally dies out over time.
c. The lawn grows thicker every day because fertilizers were added into the soil.
d. Frozen mango juice melted when left standing at room temperature for 30 minutes.
Answer: D

7. Which of the following best explains why farmers burn rice straw and hull during seasons of harvest?
a. Burning rice hulls and straws produce compounds that act as repellant for pests which may damage plantation.
b. The smoke produced by burning rice hulls and straws stimulate growth and fruit bearing of trees.
c. Rice hulls and straws are burned so that more spaces will be available for planting next set of crops.
d. Ash from burnt rice hulls and straws are rich in compounds that could neutralize acidic soil so that more crops will grow
Answer: D

8. Acid rain occurs when _________.
a. carbon dioxide combines with water in the atmosphere.
b. phosphorus-rich water in lakes evaporates to form phosphoric acid.
c. sulfur released in burning fossil fuels combines with water in the atmosphere.
d. excess hydrogen is released into the atmosphere to produce acids.
Answer: C

9. Why is it difficult to integrate nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into the nitrogen cycle of the biosphere?
a. Nitrogen is very abundant in the atmosphere
b. Living organisms quickly absorb nitrogen gas
c. Oceans quickly absorb nitrogen gas
d. Few organisms can directly utilize atmospheric nitrogen
Answer: D

10. Which of the following sentences about greenhouse effect is INCORRECT?
a. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere which are returned to the earth’s surface.
b. Greenhouse effect is important in maintaining the temperature of the earth.
c. Greenhouse effect is due to gases that absorb the green region of light from the sun.
d. Greenhouse effect increases the overall surface temperature of the earth.
Answer: C

11. When a gardener propagates a plant by taking cuttings, he plants his cutting in a well-watered soil in a plant pot. What is the most likely reason why he may then cover the plant and pot with a lightly perforated polythene bag?
a. To reduce the water demand of the cutting.
b. To decrease the rate of gaseous exchange by the plant.
c. To reduce the chance of attack by pests.
d. To protect the plant from cold weather.                                                                                 Answer: A

12. It is a common observation that mushrooms thrive few days after lightning strikes. Which among the following biogeochemical cycles is involved in this process?
a. Nitrogen cycle                      c. Phosphorus cycle
b. Carbon-Oxygen cycle                           d. Sulfur cycle                                                                                  Answer: A

13. Which of the following factors contribute to an increase in human population?
I. Immigration II. Emigration
III. Natality                          IV. Mortality

a. III and IV               c. I only
b. II and III                 d. I and III                                                                                                                              Answer: D

14. Shown below is a simple food web in a grassy community. The arrow symbol means eaten by. What would happen if all snakes are killed?
Grass>Grasshopper>Frog>Snake
Bird>Snake
a. Grass population would increase.
b. Grasshopper population would increase.
c. Bird and frog populations would increase.
d. Grasshopper and bird populations would increase.                                                            Answer: C

15. Which of the following shows mechanical weathering of rocks?
a. formation of caverns
b. acids dissolves rocks
c. freezing water between rock particles
d. iron in rocks combine with oxygen                                                                                            Answer: C

16. PAGASA announces the approach of the seasonal winds. The familiar names used are Amihan and Habagat, internationally known as ________ and ________ respectively.
a. Northeast and southwest
b. Trade wind and easterlies

c. Southwest and northeast
d. Westerlies and easterlies                                                                                                            Answer: A

17. Fog is a cloud with its base at or very near the ground. The formation of fog generally occurs after the ground has lost heat by:
a. Evaporation                          c. Conduction
b. Convection                            d. Radiation                                                                                                       Answer: D

18. Why do we see the sun rise in the east?
a. The earth revolves eastward.
b. The earth rotates from west to east.
c. We are located in the 20th meridian.
d. On the globe, we are located in the east.                                                                               Answer: B

19. If a voltage of 100 volts produces a current of 5 amperes in an electrical device, what is the resistance?
a. 95 Ohms              c. 105 Ohms
b. 20 Ohms              d. 500 Ohms                                                                                                                       Answer: B

20. Which of the following best differentiates an earthquake's intensity from its magnitude?
a. Intensity describes 'the depth from which the earthquake originated’ while magnitude refers to ‘the energy of the earthquake’.
b. Intensity cannot be measured while magnitude can be measured using a seismograph.
c. Intensity refers to the strength of the quake while magnitude refers to the degree of destruction it caused at the epicenter.
d. Intensity is a measure of how much damage an earthquake cause at the surface while magnitude is the strength of the quake.
Answer: D

21. Comparing the speed of sound in liquids, gases, and solids, the speed of sound is usually lowest in ____ and highest in ____.
a. solids, gases                         c. liquids, solids
b. gases, liquids      d. gases, solids                                                                                                 Answer: D

22. Which has a greater density, a lake full of water or a cupful of water?
a. The cup full of water b. The lake full of water
c. Not enough information
d. They have the same density                                                                                                                         Answer: D

23. A stainless steel spoon feels colder than a plastic spoon because stainless steel
a. absorbs less heat from the hand than plastic does
b. is really colder than plastic
c. has a lower temperature than plastic
d. conducts heat away from the hand faster than plastic does
Answer: D

24. Why is it NOT advisable to repeatedly open the door of a refrigerator?
a. It will loosen the hinges of the refrigerator's door
b. Leads to wastage in electrical energy.
c. Repeated opening introduces bacteria in to the refrigerator.
d. The warm air outside lowers the temperature inside thus making the refrigeration less-efficient.
Answer: B

25. What kind of mirror is used in cars to give the driver a wider area and smaller image of the traffic behind him/her?
a. Double concave                   c. Plane
b. Convex                                    d. Concave                                                                                                 Answer: B

26. Why do we hear thunder some seconds after seeing lightning?
a. Light appears brighter in the sky.
b. Light travels faster than sound.
c. Sound travels 1.331 m/s
d. Sound is released later actually                                                                               Answer: B

27. Water has a higher specific heat than iron. What does this mean?
a. Water is hotter than iron
b. Water heats more rapidly than iron
c. Water is more dense than iron
d. Water heats more slowly than iron                                                                                          Answer: D

28. If a colorblind man marries a woman who has normal vision and no history of the disease, it is most probable that all of their :
a. daughters will be carriers
b. daughters will be colorblind
c. sons will be carriers
d. sons will be colorblind                                                                                                 Answer: A

29. Albino corn seedlings may grow several inches tall. However, they will eventually die, primarily because
a. direct sunlight will destroy their cells
b. they lack adequate root system
c. they cannot produce their own food
d. they cannot obtain carbon dioxide                                                                                            Answer: C

30. Mimosa pudica, locally known as Makahiya is called as such because its leaflets tend to close when touched. This organismal response to a given stimuli is called:
a. Hydrotropism     c. Geotropism
b.Thigmotropism d. Phototropism                                                                             Answer: B

                                              Filipino

1. Sinabi ni Carlos P. Romulo sa isa niyang akda, “Ang Pilipino ay may dugong maharlika.” Ano ang kahulugan nito?
a. Ang Pilipino ay nanggaling sa malayang lahi
b. Ang Pilipino ay sadyang mabuti ang budhi.
c. Ang Pilipino ay galing sa mayamang lahi
d. Ang Pilipino ay madaling maipagbili                                                                                                          Answer: A

2. Alin sa mga sumusunod ang pinakatamang pangungusap?
a. Ang mga kabataan sa lansangan ay naglalaro at nagtatakbuhan sa lansangan.
b. Ang kabataan ay naglalaro kung maliwanag ang buwan at nagtatakbuhan sa lansangan.
c. Ang mga kabataan ay naglalaro at nagtatakbuhan sa lansangan kung maliwanag ang gabi.
d. Ang mga kabataan kung maliwanag ang buwan ay nagtatakbuhan sa lansangan at naglalaro.
Answer: C

3. Piliin ang gawi ng pagsasalita: Kasiyahan ko nang makitang kayo’y nagmamahalan.
a. Pangarap
b. Pagkontrol ng kilos
c. Pagkuha ng impormasyon
d. Pagbabahagi ng damdamin                                                                                                                         Answer: D

4. Ang kaugnayan ng pagkakapatay kina Burgos, Gomez at Zamora sa panitikang Pilipino ay
a. Nanatiling masigla ang diwang Pilipino
b. Nakagising sa damdaming makabayan ng mga Pilipino
c. Natutong lumabag sa batas at lumaban sa may kapangyarihan ang mga Pilipinod. Naimpluwensyahan ang diwang alipin ng mga Pilipino
Answer: B

5. Laging UMUUKILKIL sa isipan ng ama ang nasirang pangako ng anak.
a. Sumasagi                              c. Bumubuhay
b. Gumugulo                             d. Sumasapi                                                                                    Answer: B

6. Ang Kagawaran ng Ugnayang Panlabas ng Pilipinas ay gulong-gulo kapag may giyera sa ibang bansa. Ano ang unang ginagampanan ng ambassador ng bansa?
a. Bilangin ang mga nasugatan at nasawi
b. Alamin ang mga tirahan ng mga Pilipino sa bayang iyon.
c. Ipunin ang mga maykaya at ipalipad pauwi.
d. Bayaang magsipag-uwian sa sariling sikap ang bawat isa
Answer: B

7. Ano ang pokus ng pandiwa sa pahayag na “Bumili ng bagong sasakyan si Angelo”?
a. Pokus sa direksyon                              c. Pokus sa sanhi
b. Pokus sa kagamitan                            d. Pokus sa aktor                                       Answer: D

8. Kabaliwan at paglulustay ang inyong ginagawa taon-taon. Higit na marami ang maralitang nangangailangan ng salapi at dunong. Ang nagsasalita ay
a. Kuripot                  c. Maramot
b. Matipid                d. Praktikal                                                                                                        Answer: D

9. Nasa anong kaganapan ng pandiwa ang pangungusap?
Naglaro ng basketball sa Rizal Stadium ang koponan ng aming pamantasan.
a. Sanhi                     c. Kagamitan
b. Tagaganap                           d. Ganapan                                                                                     Answer: D

10, Sa aling salita magkakaroon ng saglit na paghinto kung pinagpipilitang si Rose ang nakabasag ng pinggan?
Hindi si Rose ang nakabasag ng pinggan.
a. Rose                      d. Pinggan
b. Hindi    c. Nakabasag                                                                                                   Answer: B

11. Anong tayutay ang tinutukoy sa pahayag.
Durog ang katawang bumagsak sa semento si Miguel.
a. Pagtutulad                                              c. Pagmamalabis
b. Pagbibigay katauhan                          d. Pagwawangis                                        Answer: C

12. Sino ang pinagkalooban ng karangalan bilang “Unang Tunay na Makata” noong 1708?
a. Jose dela Cruz    c. Francisco Balagtas
b. Felipe de Jesus d. Jose Corazon de Jesus                                           Answer: B

13. “Magtatrabaho ako at ikaw ay mag-aaral upang makatapos ka ng pag-aaral.” Anong uri ng pangungusap ito?
a. Payak c. Hugnayan
b. Tambalan            d. Langkapan                                                                                                    Answer: D

14. Mag-aalas-singko na _____ umaga _____ magising siya.
a. ng – ng                                   c. ng – nang
b. nang – nang                         d. nang – kapag                                                           Answer: C

15. Ang butong tinangay ng aso, walang pagsalang nalawayan ito. Ang kaisipang ito ay tumutukoy sa katotohanan ng ______.
a. Pagnanakaw                        c. Pagpapakasal
b. Pagtatanan                           d. Pakikipagkaibigan                                                                   Answer: B


16. Anong uri ng pagbigkas ang salitang “dambuhala”?
a. Malumi                c. Maragsa
b. Mabilis                 d. Malumay                                                                                                       Answer: A

17. Ang katawagan sa pangngalan, pang-abay, pang-uri at pandiwa ay?
a. Palabuuan                             c. Pangnilalaman
b. Pangkayarian     d. Palaugnayan                                                                              Answer: C

18. Ang panukalang inihain niya ay lubhang malalim at mahirap arukin.
a. Abutin                   c. Sukatin
b. Unawain              d. Tanggalin                                                                                                      Answer: B

19. Ang wikang Filipino ay hawig sa mga wika sa Asya. Alin dito ang pinagmulan ng wikang Filipino?
a. Bahasa                 C. Mandarin
B. Nihonggo            d. Malayo-Polinesyo                                                                                       Answer: D

20. Ano ang katumbas ng “Dekalogo” ni Apolinario Mabini na nagsasaad ng aral sa Filipino?
a. Mosaic Law
d. Code of Ethics ni Kalantiaw
c. New Society ni Pres. Marcos
d. Code of Citizenship ni Pres. Quezon                                                                                         Answer: A

21. Siya ay hinirang na taga-sensus ng bahay-bahay. Ano ang kanyang nalikom?
a. Ang bilang ng tao sa bahay
b. Ang kayamanan ng may-bahay
c. Ang datos tungkol sa mga bata sa bawat bahay
d. Ang datos tungkol sa mga naninirahan sa bawat bahay
Answer: D

22. Kami ang kabataang siyang magiging pag-asa ng bayan. Paano ginamit ang salitang may salungguhit?
a. Pagtukoy             c. Panghalip
b. Pagpuri                 d. Pagmamalaki                                                                            Answer: A

23. Walang tubig kahapon. Ito ay pangungusap na:
a. May paksa                            c. May panaguri
b. Walang pandiwa                d. Walang paksa                                                         Answer: D

24. Ipinagmamalaki mo siya, BAHAG naman pala ang kanyang BUNTOT. Ang ibig sabihin ng salitang may malaking titik ay:
a. Kuripot                  c. Duwag
b. Traydor                 d. Mahiyain                                                                                                       Answer: C

25. Sabihin ang gawi ng pananalitang ito: “Bawal tumawid, may namatay na dito!”
a. Pananakot          c. Babala
b. Pagtukoy             d. Paalala                                                                                                           Answer: C

26. Pinakamahalagang nobelang Pilipino sa maraming taon na nalimbag noong 1906 at tumalakay nang masinsinan sa paksang puhunan laban paggawa at sa sosyalismo ang _____.
a. Luha ng Buwaya                  c. Ibong Mandaragit
b. Banaag at Sikat                   d. Pangginggera                                                          Answer: B

27. Ayon kay Balagtas, “ang laki sa layaw, karaniwa’y hubad” kaya ang mga bata ay
a. jeproks                                   c. nakapagtatapos sa pag-aaral
b. nag-aartista                          d. hindi sumusunod sa magulang                          Answer: D

28. Noong taong 1962, ano ang pagbabago sa paglimbag ng diploma at sertipiko ng pagtatapos?
a. Pinahihintutan ang pribadong paaralan na maglimbag sa wikang Ingles
b. Nilimbag sa Tagalog ang diploma sa di-Tagalog na bayan
c. Nilimbag sa Filipino ang diploma ngunit may Ingles
d. Nalimbag sa Filipino ang diploma

Answer: D

29. Ang gintong panahon ng mga manunulat noong panahon ng Amerikano ay batid sa uring
a. Sanaysay c. Panulaan
b. Nobela d. Maikling kwento Answer: D

30. Alin sa mga sumusunod ang may wastong gamit ng tinig ng pandiwa?
a. Ang hinog na papaya na kinuha sa puno ni Marie.
b. Kinuha ni Marie ang hinog na papaya sa puno. c. Kinuha sa puno ang hinog na papaya ni Marie.
d. Papayang hinog ang kinuha sa puno ni Marie.
Answer: B

                                                  ICT REVIEWER

1. Which of the following is not a benefit of technology in education?
a. Improves critical-thinking abilities.
b. Unlimited access to games and other internet sites.
c. Allows cooperative learning.
d. Increases self-expression.                                                                                                            Answer: B

2. Which situation shows that technology can be used to motivate students to learn?
a. Teacher Eric employs educational games related to the lesson they are taking.
b. Miss Cleo designs lessons which use cooperative learning with technology integration.
c. Mr. Jimmy utilizes computer assisted instruction programs so that students will learn at their own pace.
d. Teacher Sarah assigns projects to her class where self-expression and creativity is acknowledged.
Answer: A

3. He is considered as the “Father of Modern Media in Education”.
a. Jean Piaget                           c. B.F. Skinner
b. Robert Gagne     d. Edgar Dale                                                                                  Answer: D

4. It is a term to denote a whole range of technologies associated with processing information and with sending and receiving messages.
a. Educational Technology
b. Information and Communication Technology
c. Media Technology
d. Instructional Systems Design                                                                                                      Answer: B

5. A methodology widely used for developing new training programs.
a. Microsoft                               c. Instructional Systems Design
b. World Wide Web                d. Computer Technology                                           Answer: C

6. This is considered to be the first manual data processing device developed in China in the 12th century A.D.
a. Hieroglyphics      c. Printing Press

B.Papyrus                                   d. Abacus                                                                                         Answer: D

7. He is considered to be the “Father of Computing” because of his contributions to the basic design of computer.
a. John Napier                          c. Blaise Pascal
b. William Oughtred               d. Charles Babbage                                                                       Answer: D

8. Which is the standard input device that accepts letters, numbers and commands from the user?
a. Trackpad             c. Mouse
b. Lightpen               d. Keyboard                                                                                                       Answer: D

9. Mr. Rico carefully studies the materials he acquired from the internet. He always examines if the author is qualified to present the material. This practice is?
a. necessary to ensure that the materials are reliable.
b. unethical because he does not trust the author.
c. unnecessary because all resources from the internet are dependable.
d. just a waste of time.
Answer: A

10. When a teacher asks the consistency of a material taken from the internet with other available materials, he/she is concerned with its?
a. relevance             c. coverage
b. accuracy               d. currency                                                                                                         Answer: B

                                                                               Mathematics

1. Two buses leave the same station at 8:00 pm. One bus travels north at the rate of 30 kph and the other travels east at 40 kph. How many kilometers apart are the buses at 10 pm?
a. 140 km                 c. 70 km
b. 100 km                 d. 50 km                                                                                                             Answer: B

2. Calculate the mean absolute deviation of the following numbers: 60, 80, 100, 75 and 95
a. 12.4                       c. 16.1
b. 14.2                       d. 18.9                                                                                                                 Answer: A

3. Which of the following is the factorization of the binomial x2 - 42?
a. (x + 4)(x + 2)                          c. x(x + 2x + 2)
b. (x – 4)2                                   d. (x – 4)(x + 4)                                                                                Answer: D

4. What value of x will satisfy the equation: 0.4(5x - 1470) = x?
a. 490                        c. 1470
b. 2,130   D.                                                                                                                          Answer: D

5. Which of the following has the greatest value:
a. 3 + 32 + (3 + 3)2                  c. [(3 + 3)2]2
b. 33                                             d. (3 + 3 + 3)2                                                                                  Answer: C

6. The average of 5 different counting numbers is 20. What is the highest possible value that one of the numbers can have?
a. 20                           c. 30
b. 40                           d. 90                                                                                                                     Answer: D

7. Three brothers inherited a cash amount of P62,000 and they divided it among themselves in the ratio of 5:4:1. How much more is the largest share than the smallest share?
a. P75,000                c. P24,800
b. P30,000                                                                                                                                              Answer: C

8. What is the missing terms in the series 5, 20, 80, ___,1280, ___, 20, 480?
a. 50;210                  c. 35;135
b. 40;160                  d. 320;5120                                                                                                       Answer: D

9. At what rate per annum should P2400 be invested so that it will earn an interest of P800 in 8 years?
a. 6 ½ % c. 4.17 %
b. 5 ½ % d. 6 %                                                                                                                   Answer: C

10. The area of a rectangle is (x2 + 2x - 8). If its length is x + 4, what is its width?
a. x + 2     c. x + 1
b. x - 2                        d. x + 6                                                                                                                 Answer: B

11. What is the value of 12⅙ - 3 ⅜ - 5 ⅔ + 20 ¾?
a. 21 1/8                   c. 23 7/8
b. 22                           d. 21                                                                                                                     Answer: C

12. The vertex angle of an isosceles triangle is 20°. What is the measure of one of the base angles?
a. 150°                       c. 75°
b. 60°                         d. 80°                                                                                                              Answer: D

13. Ana and Beth do a job together in three hours. Working alone, Ana does the job in 5 hours. How long will it take Beth to do the job alone?
a. 3 and 1/3 hours                   c. 3 hours

b. 2 and 1/3 hours                   d. 7 and 1/2 hours                                                                         Answer: D

14. How much greater is the sum of the first 50 counting numbers greater than the sum of the first 100 counting numbers?
a. 110                        c. 3,155
b. 3,775 d. 1200                                                                                                                Answer: N

15. Which of the following has the largest value?
a. 85         b. 39
c. 65         d. 94                                                                                                                                      Answer: A

16. A water tank contains 18 liters when it is 20% full. How many liters does it contain when 50% full?
a. 60         c. 58
b. 30         d. 45                                                                                                                                       Answer: D

17. The edges of a rectangular solid have these measures: 1.5 feet by 1½ feet by 3 inches. What is its volume in cubic inches?
a. 324                        c. 972
b. 225                       d. 27                                                                                                                     Answer: C

18. In a certain school, the ratio of boys to girls is 5 is to 7. If there are 180 boys and girls in the school, how many boys are there?
a. 105                        c. 45
b. 90                           d. 75                                                                                                                     Answer: D

19. Ruben’s grades in 6 subjects are 88, 90, 97, 90, 91 and 86? What is the least grade that he should aim for in the 7th subject if he has to have an average of 88?
a. 92                           c. 88
b. 74                           d. 85                                                                                                                     Answer: B

20. On a certain day, three computer technicians took turns in manning a 24-hour internet shop. The number of hours Cesar, Bert, and Danny were on duty was in the ratio 3:4:5, respectively. The shop owner pays them P50 per hour. How much would Danny receive for that day?
a. P 230                     c. P160
b. P500    d. P480                                                                                                                Answer: B

21. A retailer buys candies for P90.25. The pack has 35 pieces of candies. If she sells each candy for P2.25, how much profit does she make?
a. P11.50                  b. P56.25
c. P37.50                   d. P18.75

22. An online shop sells a certain calculator for P950 and charges P150 for shipping within Manila, regardless of the number of calculators ordered. Which of the following equations shows the total cost (y) of an order as a function of the number of calculators ordered (x)?
a. y = (950 + 150)x c. x = 950y + 150
b. y = 150x +950     d. y = 950x + 150                                                          Answer: D

23. One side of a 45° - 45° - 90° triangle measures x cm. What is the length of its hypotenuse?
a. X √3 cm                c. (X √3)/2 cm

b. X cm                      d. X √2 cm                                                                                                          Answer: D

24. The legs of one right triangle are 9 and 12, while those of another right triangle are 12 and 16. How much longer is the perimeter of the larger triangle than the perimeter of the smaller triangle?
a. 84         c. 12
b. 7           d. 14                                                                                                                                       Answer: C

25. Determine the midpoint of the line segment joining the points (7, -3) and (-1, 6).
a. (2, 3/2)                 c. (3, 3/2)
b. (2, -3/2)                d. (1, 5/2)                                                                                                           Answer: C

26. Which of these has the longest perimeter?
a. A square 21 cm on a side
b. A rectangle 19 cm long and 24 cm wide
c. An equilateral triangle whose side is 28 cm
d. A right triangle whose two legs are 24 and 32 cm                                            Answer: D

27. How many square inches are in 2 square yard?
a. 900                       c. 1296
b. 144                        d. 2,592                                                                                             Answer: D

28. In a playground for Kindergarten kids, 18 children are riding tricycles or bicycles. If there are 43 wheels in all, how many tricycles are there?
a. 8           c. 7
b. 9           d. 11                                                                                                                                       Answer: C

29. Nelia takes ¾ hour to dress and get ready for school. It takes 4/5 hour to reach the school. If her class starts promptly at 8:00 am; what is the latest time she can jump out of bed in order not to be late for school?
a. 6:42 am                c. 6:57 am
b. 6:27 am                d. 7:02 am                                                                                                          Answer: B

30. Which common fraction is equivalent to 0.215?
a. 43/200                 c. 21/50
b. 27/125                 d. 108/375                                                                                                         Answer: A

                                                              Business Math

1) Find the profit of Weng's water refilling business with revenue of ₱56,000,000 and costs of ₱42,000,000.
a. ₱14,000,000                         c. ₱1,400,000
b. ₱140,000                               d. ₱14,000                                                                                       Answer:

2) Norma's food stall has costs of ₱2,900. Her total food sales are ₱11,600. What percent of her food sales do the food costs represent?
a. 20%                       c. 27%
b. 25%                       d. 30%                                                                                                                 Answer:

3) Marvin needs 250 cookies for a buffet. He will make oatmeal raisin, macaroons, and chocolate chunk cookies. He wants 25% of the cookies to be oatmeal raisin and 15% of the cookies to be macaroons. How many chocolate chunk cookies must Marvin bake?
a. 150                        c. 140
b. 125                        d. 100                                                                                                                  Answer:

4) If a shirt is marked down 25%, what will the purchase price be?
a. ₱25                                                            c. 50% off
b. 75% of its original price     d. ₱75                                                                              Answer:

5) A customer places a special order through 480 Furniture Store. The list price in the manufacturer's catalog is ₱1,600. 480 Furniture receives a 35% trade discount. What is the net price for the furniture order?
a. ₱560                     c. ₱1,565
b. ₱1,535                  d. ₱1,040                                                                                                            Answer:

6) Ron's Manufacturing offers discounts on most of its products. What is the trade discount rate on an item with a list price of ₱16.79 and a net price of ?₱2.42?
a. 22%                       c. 54%
b. 26%                       d. 74%

7) What type of financial statement summarizes the information concerning the cash inflows and outflows during a particular period?
a. Balance sheet                      c. Income statement
b. Statement cash flows                         d. Statement of retained earnings

8.Closing entries are made:
a. so that financial statements can be made
b. in order to terminate the business as an operating entity
c. in order to transfer net income/loss and owner's drawings to the owner's capital account
d. so that all assets, liabilities, and owner's capital accounts will have zero balances when the next accounting period starts

9) Suppliers who allow business to receive goods and services before paying for them are known as:
a. Finance companies c. Trade companies
b. Leasing companies d. Trade debtors

10) Which of the following is an example of external finance?
a. Disposal by a business of surplus assets
b. Bank loan
c. Day to day cash from sales to customers
d. Money loaned from trade suppliers through extended credit

11) A shareholder sells his shares for more than he paid for them. This is known as:
a. Capital gain                           c. God deal
b. Profit on disposal                d. Capital allowance

12) The point at which the level of sales of a business exactly equals its costs is known as the:
a. Break-even point                c. Start-up stage
b. Insolvency point d. Profit point

13) Working capital is:
a. Current Assets-Current Liabilities    c. Current Liabilities
b. Notes Payable                                       d. Accounts Payable

14) Which of the following does not appear in a Balance Sheet?
a. Cash                                        c. Accounts Payable
b. Equipment                            d. Depreciation Expense

15) Adjusting entries are used to:
a. close the books c. correct errors
b. record accruals d. all of the listed answers are correct

16) Net Income or Profit results from:
a. revenues exceeding expenses                           c. expenses exceeding revenues
b. assets exceeding liabilities                                  d. liabilities exceeding assets

17) Assets are normally recorded at:
a. cost                                          c. market value
b. appraised value                   d. management's estimated value

18) Which financial report measures results for a period of time?
a. Balance Sheet    c. Trial Balance
b. Income Statement             d. All of the listed answers

Answer:

19) Using the double entry system, every business transaction _________.
a. affects two or more accounts c. affects only one account
b. affects only asset accounts d. affects only income statement

Answer:

20) A debt incurred by buying goods or services from a supplier on credit is called _________.
a. property c. an expense
b. accounts payable d. accounts receivable

Answer:

FIGURE OF SPEECH

1) SYNECDOCHE - an association of some important part with the whole it represents.
Example: The face who launched a thousand ships.
2) SIMILE - an indirect association.
Example: She is like a flower.
3) PERSONIFICATION - giving human attributes to an inanimate object (animal, idea, etc.)
Example: The sun is looking down on me.
4) OXYMORON - a self-contrasting statement.
Example: Loud silence
5) METONYMY - an association wherein the name of something is substituted by something that represents it.
Example: Toothpaste is sometimes called Colgate.
6) METAPHOR - a direct comparison.
Example: You are the sunshine of my life.
7) IRONY - the contrast between what was expected and what actually happened.
Example: No smoking sign during a cigarette break.
8) HYPERBOLE - an exaggeration.
Example: Cry me a river.
9) EUPHEMISM - creating a positive connotation out of something negative.
Example: Comfort women (prostitute)
10) ELLIPSIS - omission of words in a sentence.
Example: She walked away and so the world turns....
11) ASYNDETON - not putting any connectors (conjunctions or prepositions).
Example: No retreat, no surrender
12) APOSTROPHE - a direct address to an abstract things or a person who passed away.
Example: Love, please come and take me!
The Top 20 Figures of Speech
1. Alliteration - the repetition of an initial consonant sound.
2. Anaphora - the repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses.
3. Antithesis - the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases.
4. Apostrophe - reaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing, some abstract quality, an inanimate object, or a nonexistent character.
5. Assonance - identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words.
6. Chiasmus - a verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the parts reversed.
7. Euphemism - the substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit.
8. Hyperbole - an extravagant statement; the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect.
9. Irony - the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. Also, a statement or situation where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea.
10. Litotes - a figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.
11. Metaphor - an implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important in common.
12. Metonymy - a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it's closely associated; also, the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things around it.
13. Onomatopoeia - the use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.
14. Oxymoron - a figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side.
15. Paradox - a statement that appears to contradict itself.
16. Personification - a figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities.
17. Pun - aplay on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words.
18. Simile - a stated comparison (usually formed with "like" or "as") between two fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain qualities in common.
19. Synecdoche - a figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole (for example, ABCs for alphabet) or the whole for a part ("England won the World Cup in 1966").
20. Understatement - a figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is.

LITERATURE

✔Robert Browning - dramatic monologue style of writing

✔Wole Soyinka - 1st African Nobel Laureate

✔PLOT - most important in Aristotle's Poetics

✔"The Prince" by Niccollo Machiavelli - a political power handbook

✔"The Little Prince" by Antoine de Saint-Exupery

✔Fyodor Dostoevsky - most common theme of writing: enormous contradictions of human nature

✔Lyric poetry - about emotions/feelingsb musical accompaniment; not intended to be sung

✔Ballad - narrative poem; intended to be sung

✔Epistolary - a compilation of works or series of documents or letters with connection; popular in the 18th Century

✔Picaresque - stories about the adventures of a low-class indivudual (example: Robinhood)

✔Mahabharata - the true epic of India with mythology and religion

✔Gilgamesh - 1st heroic narrative of world literature

✔"Ode to a Grecian Urn" by John Keats - about beauty; "A thing of beauty is a joy forever."

✔"War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy - about the Napoleonic invasion of Russia

✔"Kublai Khan" by Coleridge - a collection of dreams stimulated by drugs

✔HAIKU - Japanese poem about transitoriness of life; captures a moment to memorialize

✔Lord Tennyson works:
-Break, break, break
-Breaking the Bar
-In Memoriam
-My Last Duchess

✔Blank verse poetry - no rhyme; with meter

✔Free verse - no rhyme; no meter; a characteristic of Modernism poetry

✔"A Rose is a Rose, is a Rose" by Gertrude Stein - she is one of the "Lost Generation" writers

✔Filipino local color style - Manuel Arguilla's "How My Brother Leon Brought Home A Wife"

✔American local color style - Mark Twain's (Samuel Langhorn Clemens) "Adventures of Huckleberryfin" and "Life on Mississippi"

✔Marks of Post-Modernism:
-intertextuality
-metafictionality

✔"The Filipino Rebel" by Stevan Javellana - story of a woman torn between love & obedience

✔"A Child of Sorrow" - 1st English Philippine novel

✔"Bamboo in the Wind" by Azucena Grajo Urranza - last desperate effort of Filipinos to be free from colonization

✔Sucesos Felices - 1st newsletter in the Philippines

FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

● John Locke 👉 was an English philosopher and physician "Father of Liberalism" ; to form character (mental, physical, and moral) ; Education as Training of the mind/Formal discipline ; Notable ideas - "Tabula rasa"

● Francis Bacon 👉 was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator and author. "Father of scientific method" "Father of empiricism"

● Jean Jacques Rousseau 👉 was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer and composer of the 18th century."Hollistic education"(physical,moral, intellectual)
Notable ideas - moral simplicity of humanity; child centered learning; Famous novel: "Emile" or On Education; Human Development

● Edgar Dale 👉 was an American educator who developed the "Cone of Experience"
aka "Father of Modern Media in Education"

● Erik Erikson 👉 was a German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on "psychosocial development" of human beings.

● Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi 👉 was a swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. "Social regeneration of humanity" Notable ideas: "Four-sphere concept of life" his motto was " Learning by head, hand and heart"

● Friedrich Frobel 👉 was a German pedagogue a student of Pestalozzi who laid the "foundation of modern education" based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. "Father of kindergarten"

● Johann Herbart 👉 was a German philosopher, psychologist and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline. ;

● Edward Lee Thorndike 👉 was an American psychologist ; " Father of Modern educational psychology; connectionism; law of effect. ; "Realize the fullest satisfaction of human wants"

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

● IDEALISM 👉 Plato (own ideas) nothing exist except in the mind of a man/ what we want the world to be

● REALISM 👉 Aristotle;Herbart; Comenius; Pestalozzi; Montessori; Hobbes; Bacon; Locke
▶ (experience) fully mastery of knowledge

● BEHAVIORISM 👉 always guided by standards/by procedure; purpose is to modify the behavior

● EXISTENTIALISM 👉 Kierkegaard; Sartre; "Man shapes his being as he lives"
▶Focuses on self/individual

● PRAGMATISM/EXPERIMENTALISM 👉William James; John Dewey - learn from experiences through interaction to the environment
▶Emphasizes the needs and interests of the children

● PERENNIALISM 👉 Robert Hutchins
▶focuses on unchanging/universal truths

● ESSENTIALISM 👉 William Bagley - teaching the basic/essential knowledge
▶ Focuses on basic skills and knowledge

● PROGRESSIVISM 👉 Dewey/Pestalozzi (process of development)
▶focuses on the whole child and the cultivation of individuality

● CONSTRUCTIVISM 👉Jean Piaget
▶Focused on how humans make meaning in relation to the interaction b/w their experiences and their ideas. Nature of knowledge w/c represents an epistemological stance.

● SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM 👉 George Counts - recognized that education was the means of preparing people for creating his new social order
▶highlights social reform as the aim of education

➡ ACCULTURATION - learning other culture; the passing of customs, beliefs and tradition through interaction and reading.

➡ ENCULTURATION - the passing of group's custom, beliefs and traditions from one generation to the next generation

➡ Convergent questions - are those that typically have one correct answer.

➡ Divergent questions - also called open-ended questions are used to encourage many answers and generate greater participation of students. Higher ord

PRINCIPLES & THEORIES OF LEARNING & MOTIVATION

● Psychosexual Theory/Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud
● Psychosocial Theory - Erik Erikson's Theory of Personality
● Ecological Theory - Eric Brofenbrenner's Theory of Development
● Sociohistoric Cognitive Linguistic Theory - Lev Semanovich Vygotsky
● Cognitive Development - Jean Piaget; John Dewey; Jerome Brunner
● Phenomenology - Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers; Louis Raths
● Behaviorism - Edward Thorndike; Ivan Pavlov; Burrhus Frederick Skinner
● Moral Development - Lawrence Kohlberg
● Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning
● Edward Thorndike - connectionism
● B.F. Skinner - operant conditioning & reinforcement
● Albert Bandura - "bobo doll" experiment; modelling; self eficacy
● David Ausubel - Meaningful Reception Theory
● Jerome Bruner - Discovery Learning Theory/Inquiry method
● Wolfgang Kohler's - Insight Learning Problem
● Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin's - Information Processing Theory
● Robert Gagne's - Cumulative Learning Theory
● Howard Gardner - Multiple Intelligence
● Kurt Lewin's - Field Theory/ his concept of life space
● Brofenbrenner's - Ecological System Theory
● Lev Vygotsky - Social Constructivism;

✔JEAN PIAGET -- " the school should be creating men & women who are capable of doing new things not simply repeating what other generation have done.
STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVT.
SENSORY MOTOR (BIRTH - 2y/o) -- infants knowledge.
PRE-OPERATIONAL ( 2-7y/o) -- pretent to play but still struggle with logic,mental symbols interest.
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL (7-11) -- think logically, hypothetically and concepts, solve problems
FORMAL OPERATIONAL (11-UP) -- deductive reasoning and understanding of abstract ideas, think symbolically.
===================================

✔LAWRENCE KOHLBERG -- "right action tends to be defined in terms of general individual rights and standards that have been critically examined & agreed upon by the whole society.
LEVELS OF MORAL DEVT.
PRE-CONVENTIONAL -- obidience & punishment (consequences) , individualism & exchange
CONVENTIONAL --interpersonal relationship, maintain social order.
POST-CONVENTIONAL -- social contract and individual rights , universal principles, set of values and beliefs.
===================================

✔URIE BROFENBRENNER --
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM THEORY
MICROSYSTEM -- sorroundings of individual: family, friends, neighborhood
MESOSYSTEM -- connections between context, school experiences to church experience.
EXOSYSTEM -- includes other people and places that the child herself may not interact with often herself but that still have a large effect on her.
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY STAGES
Stage: Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)
Basic Conflict: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Important Events: Toilet Training
Outcome: Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
Stage: Preschool (3 to 5 years)
Basic Conflict: Initiative vs. Guilt
Important Events: Exploration
Outcome: Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.
Stage: School Age (6 to 11 years)
Basic Conflict: Industry vs. Inferiority
Important Events: School
Outcome: Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
Stage: Adolescence (12 to 18 years)
Basic Conflict: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Important Events: Social Relationships
Outcome: Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
Stage: Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years)
Basic Conflict: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Important Events: Relationships
Outcome: Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
Stage: Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years)
Basic Conflict: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Important Events: Work and Parenthood
Outcome: Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
Stage: Maturity(65 to death)
Basic Conflict: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Important Events: Reflection on life
Outcome: Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.

Philosophers Related to Learners Development
✔SIGMUND FREUD -- "the mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk avove water.
COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY
ID -- pleasure center
EGO -- reality center
SUPER EGO -- conscience / judgment center.
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEV'T
ORAL -- thumb sucking, biting
ANAL -- toilet training, control of their bowel.
PHALLIC -- sexual interest, genital stimulation.
LATENCY -- sexual urges & interest were temporary
GENITAL -- adult sexual interest and activities come to dominate.
Odipus complex - son vs father towards mother/wife feelings . (excessive attachment)(Phallic stage)
Electra complex - daugther vs mother towards father/husband feelings. (excessive attachment)(Phallic stage)
Personality Dynamics
LIFE INSTINCT
DEATH INSTINCT
===================================

✔ERIK ERICKSON -- "healthy children will not fear in their elders have integrity enough to fear of death.
PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES of DEVT
CRISIS -- a person goes through
MALADAPTATION -- result from failure to effectivity resolve the problem
MALIGNACY -- "
VIRTUE -- emerges when balance & resolution of crisis attained.
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY STAGES
Stage: Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)
Basic Conflict: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Important Events: Toilet Training
Outcome: Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
Stage: Preschool (3 to 5 years)
Basic Conflict: Initiative vs. Guilt
Important Events: Exploration
Outcome: Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.
Stage: School Age (6 to 11 years)
Basic Conflict: Industry vs. Inferiority
Important Events: School
Outcome: Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
Stage: Adolescence (12 to 18 years)
Basic Conflict: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Important Events: Social Relationships
Outcome: Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
Stage: Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years)
Basic Conflict: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Important Events: Relationships
Outcome: Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
Stage: Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years)
Basic Conflict: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Important Events: Work and Parenthood
Outcome: Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
Stage: Maturity(65 to death)
Basic Conflict: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Important Events: Reflection on life
Outcome: Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.
===================================

✔LEV VYGOTSKY -- "the teacher must orient his work not on yesterday's devt in the childs but on tomorrow's.
SCAFFOLDING -- is the systematic manner of providing assistance of the learners to effectively acquire skills.
MKO(More Knowledge Others) -- higher level of performance.

IDEALISM -- plato
REALIAM -- aristotle
EMPIRICISM -- locke
PRAGMATISM -- dewey
EXISTENTIALISM -- hegel
PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS -- moore
ESSENTIALISM -- bagley
PERENNIALISM -- hutchins
PROGRESSIVISM -- dewey
RECONSTRUCTIONALISM -- brameld
BEHAVIORISM -- skinner or watson
STRUCTURALISM -- helmholts or wundt?
FUNCTIONALISM -- james,nugell, or carr?
PURPOSIVISM -- hormic
®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®

PART 4 -ISM
✔NATURALISM -- only nature exist, nature is better than civilization (NATURALESA ng isang BAGAY)
✔IDEALISM -- spiritual, values, moral, socratic method
✔REALISM -- natural world, values arenatural and absolute, reality exist undercieved
✔PRAGMATISM/EXPERIMENTALISM -- practical, problem solving research, knowledge is what works, values are related, truth is warranted assertion.
✔ESSENTIALISM -- 3r's (4r's ngayon), achievement test, certain knowledge&skills are essential for rational being.
✔PROGRESSIVISM -- process of development, higher level of knowledge, the child's need and interest are relevant to curriculum.
✔EXISTENTIALISM -- knowledge is subjective, man shapes his being as he lives, we are what we do, deciding precedes knowing.
✔PERENNIALISM -- education that last for century, universalist, knowledge is eternally valid.
✔SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM -- for better society, community based learning
✔RECONSTRUCTUONALISM -- the school should help rebuild the social order thus social change.
✔BEHAVIORISM -- learning is change in behavior, S-R relationship
✔EMPIRICISM -- knowledge comes thru senses, 5 senses (observatory learning)
✔STRUCTURALISM -- complex mental exp. such as image,feeling and sensation
✔FUNCTIONALISM -- focus to motivation, thinking & learning.
✔PURPOSIVISM -- individual hormones are responsible for the motive to strive towards fulfillment of his/her objective.
✔PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS -- reality is what verifiable, truth correspondes to reality, usage determines meaning

PART 1: KOUNIN'S MGT MODEL (1970)
✔stimulus boundedness -- teacher's attention interrupted by extrateneous stimulus
✔Thrust -- teacher interrupts students engaged in activities w/o considering whether the student is ready or not.
✔Dangels -- teacher interrupts activity of student and return to it again.
✔Truncations -- teacher does not return to current act. after being interrupted.
✔Overdwelling -- teacher focuses on a certian topic that will lead to too much time consupmtion, the lesson will slow down.
✔Fragmentation -- chunks of lesson for students to understand his/her lesson effectively or breakibg down of act. to cause too much time.
✔Flip Flop -- teacher changes its activity from current activity to new one and vice versa
whenever he/she changes his/her mind.
©©©©©®®®®®®®©©©©©©©
PART 2 PO.
THEORIES AND THEIR PROPONENTS
✔Wilhelm Woundt = german psycologist "founder of modern psychology.
✔Titchener = structuralism psychology
William james, G. Stanley Hall, James M. Cattell.... these three promote "functionalism psychology
✔Charles darwin = theories to mental characteristics as human think, feel & behave(" evolutionary psychology")
✔Herman Ebbinghaus = associationism psychology
✔Edwin Guthrie = (stimulus and response ) :; temporal conguity
✔Edward Lee Thorndike = "satisfaction" "the law of effect".
✔Ivan Pavlov = involuntary behavior
✔Max Wertheimer = gestalt psychology
✔Otto Loewi = discovered "acetylchloline" respobsible in stimulation of muscles
✔Ulf von Euler discovered "norepinephrine" bringing our nervous system into "high alert" ✔Arvid Carlsson discovered "dopamine" the reward mechanisms in the brain
✔Jean Piaget -- cognitive dev't , info processing , dynamic interrelation.
✔Sigmund Freud -- psychosexual , psychoanalytic
✔Erik Erickson -- psychosocial
✔Lawrence Kohlberg -- moral dev't,
✔Burrhus Frederic Skinner -- operant cond.
✔Ivan Pavlov -- classical cond.
✔Edward Lee Thorndike -- connectionism
✔Albert Bandura -- social learning, neo - behaviorism
✔Robert Gagne -- sequence of instruction
✔Abraham Maslow -- hierarchy of needs , motivation theory
✔William Kohler -- insight learning
✔Robert Havighurst -- devt task theory
✔Benjamin Bloom -- bloom's cognitive taxonomy
✔Simpsons / Anita Harrow -- psychomotor domain
✔David Krathwohl -- affective domain
✔Jerome Bruner -- constructivist, spiral curr, instrumental conceptualism
✔Lev Vygotsky -- socio-cultural theory of cognitive devt , linguistic theory, Scaffolding
✔Edgar Dale -- cone of exp. (20% remember)
✔kohler,koffka, weirtheimer -- gestalt psychology
✔John Locke -- tabularasa , empiricism
✔Howard Gardner -- multiple int.
✔Noam Chomsky -- language acquisition theory , fr of linguistic, nativism
✔David Ausubel -- meaningful learning, graphic organizer, assumption
✔Charles Cooley -- looking glass self theory
✔John Flavel -- metacognition
✔Sandra Bem -- gender schema theory
✔Elliot Turriel -- social domain theory
✔Robert Sternberg -- triachic theory of int.
✔Johm Watson -- behaviorial theory
✔Maria Montessory -- transfer of learning, kinder garten preparation of children.
✔Edward Tolman -- purposive behaviorism and goal oriented
✔Edward Torrance -- creative problem solving
✔Bernard Weiner -- attribution theory
✔Daniel Goleman/coleman? -- emotional intelligence
✔Wolfgang Ratke -- used vernacular for approaching the class.
✔mencius -- idealistic wing of confucianism
✔hzun tzu -- realistic wing of confusianism
✔taoism -- lao tzu
✔Herbart spencer -- moral devt
✔Pestallozi -- symmetrical and harmonious devt of child
✔John Jacques Rosseau -- nature of child
✔Arnold Gesell - maturation theory
✔John Dewey - Learning by doing
✔David Froebel - Father of kinder garten
✔John Bowly - Attainment Theory
✔Edward Boro - Six Thinking Hats Theory
✔Auguste Comte - Father of Sociology
✔Carlos Linnaeus - Father of modern taxonomy.
✔John Amos Comencius - Fr. of modern education.
✔Erasmus Desiderius - Fr. of humanism/ social humanism
✔William Kilpatrick - Project method.

FOUR PILLARS OF LEARNING
✔LEANING TO KNOW -- focuses on combining broad gen. knowledge and basic educ. with the opportunity to work on a small number of subjects in the light of rapid changes brought about by scientific progress ang new forms of economic and social acitivity.
❇Learning how to learn and to discover, as to benefit from ongoing educational opportunities continuously arising throughout life.
❇Developing the faculties of memory, imagination, reasoning and problem solving.
❇Understanding about one's environment.
❇Communicating with others.
✔LEARNING TO DO -- emphasizes on the learning of skills necessary to practice a profession or trade.
❇applying in practice what has been learned.
❇developing vocational / occupational and technical skills
❇developing social skills in building meaningful interpersonal relationships.
❇developing competence, social behavior, aptitude for teamwork
❇enhancing the ability to communicate and work with others
❇managing and resolving conflicts.
✔LEARNING TO BE -- prioritizes the development of the human potencial to the fullest.
❇tapping the talents hidden with individual.
❇developing personal commitment and responsibilty for the common good.
✔LEARNING TO LIVE TOGETHER -- emphasizes understanding of others, their history, tradition and cultures, and also living and interacting peacefully together.
❇appreciating diversity of human race
❇being receptive to others and encounter others through dialogue and debate.
❇caring about others
❇working toward common objectives in cooperative undertakings.
❇managing and resolving conflicts.
®®®®®®®®®®®

PART 8: COGNITIVE PERSPECTVE : GESTALT PRINCIPLE
✅German word means "whole, form, pattern or configuration"
✅the focus of this theory is on Perception and how people assign meaning to visual stimuli "The whole is more than the sum of all parts"
LAW OF PROXIMITY -- elements that are closer together be percieved as a coherent object.
LAW OF SIMILARITY -- similar will percieved as part of the same form.
LAW OF CLOSURE -- ignoring gaps in the figure.
LAW OF CONTINUATION -- patterns establish an impled direction, people tend a good continous line.
LAW OF PRAGNANZ -- stimulus will be organize into a good figure as possible.
LAW OF FIGURE/GROUND -- we tend to pay attention and percieved things in the foreground first.
INSIGHT LEARNING -- Gestalt adheres to the idea of learning takes place by discovery.
PART 9
✔Ripple Effect -- spreading effect of series of consequences caused by singlr action or event.
✔Hawthorne Effect -- type of reactivity effect in which individuals improve an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed.
✔Halo Effect -- cognitive bias which an observer overall impression of a person, influences the observers feeling and thoughts about the entity's character or property
✔Pygmalion Effect -- Shows the teacher's expectation (self-fulfillment)
✔Golem Effect -- low expection leads to decrease in performance.
REINFORCEMENTS
Positive -- presence of stimulus
Negative -- absence of stimulus
Escape -- removes stimulus
Avoidance -- prevents stimulus
Reinforcement -- increase of behavior
Punishment -- weakens response.

LET REVIEWER THEORIES OR LEARNING PAVLOV et al. ..

A.Behavioral Theories of Learning

1.Pavlov's Classical Conditioning Theory -stimulus generalization -generalization -discrimination –extinction

2.Thorndike's S-R Theory -law of effect -law of readiness -law of exercise

3.B.F. Skinner Operant Conditioning Theory

*Reinforcement -positive reinforcers -negatve reinforcers -primary reinforcers -secondary reinforcers

4. Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory -attention -retention -motor reproduction processes -motivational processes B. Cognitive Theories of Learning

1.Bruner's Cognitive Learning Theory -enactive -iconic –symbolic

2.Ausubel's Meaningful Learning Theory -advance organizer

3.Gagne's Cognitive Learning Theory -verbal information -intellectual skills -cognitive strategies -motor skills –attitudes

C. Constructivist Learning Theories

1.Constructivism -cognitive constructivism -social constructivism

2.Lev Vygotsky, Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®
PART 5: REPUBLIC ACTS
9155 -- Governance of basic educ. act of 2001
6728 -- GASTPE
7722 -- creating CHED
7784 -- " " of center of excellence
7796 -- creating TESDA
6655 -- Free public secondary act of 1988
4090 -- creating a state scholarship council to intergrate, systematize, administer and implement all program scholarships and appropriating funds.
5447 -- creation of a special educ. fund act enacted in 1968
-- organization and extension of classes
-- adding classroom to remote areas,barrios and provincial schools
6139 -- regulated the secretarian schools/private school in charging higher tuition fee
7687 -- science and technology scholarship act of 1994
7743 -- establishment of city and municipal libraries.
8292 -- higher educ. modernization act of 1997
6850 -- an act to grant Civil Service eligibility under certain conditions to Gov. employees appointed under provisionap or temporary status who rendered 7 years of efficient service
8545 -- amending RA 7628 Expanded GASTPE Act
8525 -- Adopt a school program
8491 -- Flag and Heraldic code of the Ph.
7797 -- lengthen the school prog. to 200 days and not more than 220 days
8190 -- act of granting priority to residents of the brgy. where school is located in the appointment and assignment of school.
6972 -- act of stablishing DAY CARE CENTER FOR EVERY BRGY.
7624 -- integrating of drug prevention and control in the intermediate & secondary curricula and indigeneous learning system
7743 -- act providing libraries and reading centers throughout the Ph.
7877 -- anti-sexual harassment act of 1995
9163 -- NSTP of 2001
6193 -- regulation of tuition fees of private educ. institution
10627 -- anti-bullyinh act of 2013
10533 -- enhance basic educ. act of 2013 (K-12 PROGRAM)
9485 -- anti-red tape act
Executive Order (E.O.) 66 -- rule of cancellation of classes due to typhoon, flooding and other calamities.

laws for teachers

R.A 4670-Magna Carta for Public School Teachers

R.A 7836-Teachers Professionalization Act

R.A 8190-Teachers Assign Priority

R.A 578-Teachers as persons in authority

R.A 8545- Assistance to teachers in private school

R.A 8187-paternity act

R.A 8491- Heraldic code of the phils laws for students 0

R.A 8049- anti hazing law

R.A 7877-anti sexual harrasment law

R.A 9710-Magna carta for women

R.A 7610-anti child abuse law

R.A 10627- anti bullying act

R.A 10648- iskolar ng Bayan Law

R.A 10609-Anti Cumpulsory Review Act

R.A 6847-Phil.Sport Commission

R.A 7722-Ched R.A 7796- Tesda

R.A 9155-Deped R.A 10533-kiz law

R.A8525-adopt a school prog

R.A 7357-NCCA R.A 8845-Congress of the Phils

1. Toponym is a name derived from a place.
2. Portmanteau words are formed by blending two or more words, partially. High-tech from high/ technology; emcee from masters/of/ceremonies; smog from smoke/ fog. Lab is different from the choices because it is an example of apocopated word.
3. Acronym is adopting initial letters of related words, and reading as a single word.
4. Allonym words are names adopted from any source as in the examples.
5. Anagram is a coined word through transposition of letters. Plaridel is derived from del Pilar.
6. Apocopated words are shortenings without end punctuation.They are also called special abbreviations, journalistic words, colloquialism, and clipped words.
7. Antonomasia is a name taken from a fictional character as from a novel or from a legend. Mercury, in Roman mythology, is the messenger of the gods.
8. Memorial words are names derived from a prominent persons.
9. Kangaroo words are letters taken from long words without changing the original meaning. Cheese – cheez is an example of of technical language or shop talk used by some groups of people. These words usually proliferate because of advertisements. Song/festival – songfest is an example of portmanteau words. Advertisement – ads is an example of apocopated words. Tomb from the word catacomb is the correct answer.
10. Palindromic words are words that can be read forward and backward.

List of Literary Terms
Abstract Language- Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places. The observable or "physical" is usually described in concrete language.
Ad homonym—Latin for "against the man." When a writer personally attacks his or her opponents instead of their arguments
Ad populum— Latin for "to the crowd." A fallacy of logic in which the widespread occurrence of something is assumed to make it true.
Allegory—A narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one. A story, fictional or nonfiction, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts. The interaction of these characters, things, events is meant to reveal an abstraction or a truth. These characters, etc. may be symbolic of the ideas referred to.
Alliteration—The repetition at close intervals of initial identical consonant sounds. Or, vowel sounds in successive words or syllables that repeat.
Allusion—An indirect reference to something (usually a literary text) with which the reader is expected to be familiar. Allusions are usually literary, historical, Biblical, or mythological.
Ambiguity—An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. Also, the manner of expression of such an event or situation may be ambiguous. Artful language may be ambiguous. Unintentional ambiguity is usually vagueness.
Anachronism—Assignment of something to a time when it was not in existence, e.g. the watch Merlyn wore in The Once and Future King.
Analogy—An analogy is a comparison to a directly parallel case. When a writer uses an analogy, he or she argues that a claim reasonable for one case is reasonable for the analogous case.
Anaphora—Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This device is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.
Anecdote—A brief recounting of a relevant episode. Anecdotes are often inserted into fictional or nonfiction texts as a way of developing a point or injecting humor.
Angst—A term used in existential criticism to describe both the individual and the collective anxiety-neurosis of the period following the Second World War. This feeling of anxiety, dread, or anguish is notably present in the works of writers like Jean Paul Sartre and Albert Camus.
Annotation—Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographic data (by the author or student).
Antithesis—A balancing of two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses.
Apostrophe—An address to the dead as if living; to the inanimate as if animate; to the absent as if present; to the unborn as if alive. Examples: "O Julius Caesar thou are mighty yet; thy spirit walks abroad," or "Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll."
Archetype—A term borrowed by psychologist Carl Jung who described archetypes as "primordial images" formed by repeated experiences in the lives of our ancestors, inherited in the "collective unconscious" of the human race and expressed in myths, religion, dreams, fantasies, and literature. These "images" of character, plot pattern, symbols recur in literature and evoke profound emotional responses in the reader because they resonate with an image already existing in our unconscious mind, e.g. death, rebirth.
Argumentation—Exploring of a problem by investigating all sides of it; persuasion through reason. One of the four chief forms of discourse, the others being exposition, narration, and description. The purpose of argumentation is to convince by establishing the truth of falsity of a proposition.
Aside—A dramatic convention by which an actor directly addresses the audience but it is not supposed to be heard by the other actors on the stage.
Assonance—Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity. "Fake" and "lake" denote rhyme; "lake" and "fate" demonstrate assonance.
Asyndeton—A series of words separated by commas (with no conjunction), e.g. "I came, I saw, I conquered." The parts of the sentence are emphasized equally; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence.

False Analogy—When two cases are not sufficiently parallel to lead readers to accept a claim of connection between them.
Farce—A type of comedy in which one-dimensional characters are put into ludicrous situations; ordinary standards of probability and motivation are freely violated in order to evoke laughter.
Fiction—A product of a writer's imagination, usually made up of characters, plot, setting, point of view, and theme.
Figurative Language—A word or words that are inaccurate literally, but describe by calling to mind sensations or responses that the thing described evokes. Figurative language may be in the form of metaphors or similes, both non-literal comparison. Shakespeare's "All the world's a stage" is an example of non-literal figurative language (metaphor specifically).
Figure of Speech—A form of expression in which words are used out of the usual sense in order to make the meaning more specific
Flat Character—A character constructed around a single idea or quality; a flat character is immediately recognizable.
Foil—A character whose traits are the opposite of another and who thus points up the strengths and weaknesses of the other character.
Freight-train—Sentence consisting of three or more very short independent clauses joined by conjunctions. Generalization—When a writer bases a claim upon an isolated example or asserts that a claim is certain rather than probable. Sweeping generalizations occur when a writer asserts that a claim applies to all instances instead of one.
Genre—French, a literary form or type; classification. e.g. tragedy, comedy, novel, essay, poetry.
Hubris—Overwhelming pride or insolence that results in the misfortune of the protagonist of a tragedy. It is the particular form of tragic flaw that results from excessive pride, ambition, or overconfidence. The excessive pride of Macbeth is a standard example of hubris in English drama. Also spelled hybris
Hyperbole—Conscious exaggeration used to heighten effect. Not intended literally, hyperbole is often humorous. Example: "And fired the shot heard round the world."
Image—A word or group of words, either figurative or literal, used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceived by the senses. An image is always a concrete representation.
Imagery—The use of images, especially in a pattern of related images, often figurative, to create a strong unified sensory impression.
Induction—A form or reasoning which works from a body of facts to the formulation of a generalization; frequently used in science and history.
Inversion—Variation of the normal word order (subject first, then verb, then complement) which puts a modifier or the verb as first in the sentence. The element that appears first is emphasized more than the subject.
Irony—When a reader is aware of a reality that differs from a character's perception of reality (dramatic irony)/ The literal meaning of a writer's words may be verbal irony. Generally speaking, a discrepancy between expectation and reality.
Litotes—Opposite of hyperbole; litotes intensifies an idea understatement by stating through the opposite. E.g. saying "It wasn't my best day" instead of "It was my worst day."
Logical Appeal—Relies on the audience's logical faculties; logical appeal moves from evidence to conclusion.
Metaphor—A comparison of two things, often unrelated. A figurative verbal equation results where both "parts" illuminate one another. Metaphors may occur: in a single sentence —"Talent is a cistern; genius is a fountain;" as a controlling image of an entire work —"Pilgrim at Sea by Par F. Lagerkvist; as obvious ("His fist was a knotty hammer.") or implied (But O beware the middle mind that purrs and never shows a tooth.").
Dead Metaphor—So overused that its original impact has been lost.
Extended Metaphor—One developed at length and involves several points of comparison.
Mixed Metaphor—When two metaphors are jumbled together, often illogically.
Metonymy—Designation of one thing with something closely associated with it. E.g. calling the head of a committee a CHAIR, the king the CROWN, a newspaper the PRESS, or old people the GRAY HAIRS.
Mood—An atmosphere created by a writer's word choice (diction) and the details selected. Syntax is also a determiner of mood because sentence strength, length, and complexity affect pacing.
Moral—The lesson drawn from a fictional or nonfictional story. A heavily didactic story.
Motif—A frequently recurrent character, incident, or concept in literature.

Balance—Construction in which both halves of the sentence are about the same length and importance, sometimes used to emphasize contrast.
Bandwagon—Trying to establish that something is true because everyone believes it is true.
Catharsis—The process by which an unhealthy emotional state produced by an imbalance of feelings is corrected and emotional health is restored.
Causal Relationship (cause and effect)—In causal relationships, a writer assert that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument.
Characterization—The method an author uses to develop characters in a work. In direct charachterization, the author straightforwardly states the character’s traits. With indirect characterization, those traits are implied through what the character says, does, how the character dresses, interacts with other characters, etc.
Chiasmus—Arrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern of X Y Y X. Chiasmus is often short and summarizes a main idea, e.g., "ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country."
Chronological Ordering—Arrangement of ideas in the order in which things occur; may move from past to present or in reverse, from present to past.
Classification (as means of ordering)—Arrangement of objects according to class; e.g., media classified as print, television, radio.

Comedy of Manners—Deals with the relations and intrigues of gentlemen and ladies living in a polished and sophisticated society; it evokes laughter mainly at the violations of social conventions and decorum and relies on the wit and humor of the dialogue for its effect.
Comic relief—Humorous speeches and incidents in the course of the serious action of a tragedy; frequently comic relief widens and enriches the tragic significance of the work.
Conceit—Unusual or surprising comparison between two very different things (a special kind of metaphor or complicated analogy.
Concrete Language—Language that describes specific, observable things, people or places, rather than ideas or qualities.
Connotation—Rather than the dictionary definition, the associations associated by a word. Implied meaning rather than literal meaning or denotation.
Consonance—Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.
Conventional—Following certain conventions, or traditional techniques of writing. An over reliance on conventions may result in a lack of originality. The five-paragraph theme is considered conventional.
Cumulative—Sentence which begins with the main idea and then expands on that idea with a series of details or other particulars.

Deduction—A form of reasoning that begins with a generalization, then applies the generalization to a specific case or cases.
Diction—Word choice, particularly as an element of style. Different types and arrangements of words have significant effects on meaning. An essay written in academic diction, for example, would be much less colorful, but perhaps more precise, than street slang.
Didactic—A term used to describe fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model or correct behavior or thinking.
Digression—A temporary departure from the main subject in speaking or writing.
Dramatic Irony—When the reader is aware of an inconsistency between a fictional or nonfiction character's perception of a situation and the truth of that situation.
Elegy—A formal sustained poem lamenting the death of a particular person.
Elliptical—Sentence structure which leaves out something in the second half. Usually, there is a subject-verb-object combination in the first half of the sentence, and the second half of the sentence will repeat the structure but omit the verb and use a comma to indicate the ellipsed material.
Emotional Appeal—When a writer appeals to an audience's emotions (often through "pathos") to excite and involve tem in the argument.
Ennui—A persistent feeling of tiredness or weariness which often afflicts existential man, often manifesting as boredom.
Enthymeme—A syllogism in which one of the premises—often the major premise—is unstated, but meant to be understood, e.g. "Children should be seen and not heard. Be quiet, John." Here, the minor premise—that John is a child—is left to the ingenuity of the reader.
Epigraph—A quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of a theme. One found at the beginning of John Kennedy Toole's Confederacy of Dunces: "When a true genius appears in the world, you may know him by this sign; that all the dunces are in a confederacy against him." —Jonathan Swift.
Epiphany—A major character's moment of realization or awareness.
Epithet—a term used to characterize a person or thing, such as rosy-fingered in rosy-fingered dawn or the Great in Catherine the Great. Also a term used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title or a person, such as The Great Emancipator for Abraham Lincoln.
Ethical Appeal—When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text. Reputation is sometimes a factor in ethical appeals, but in all cases the aim is to gain the audience's confidence.
Euphemism—The use of a word or phrase that is less direct, but is also considered less distasteful or less offensive than another. E.g. "He is at rest" instead of "He is dead." Also consider "Technicolor yawn" for "vomiting."
Example—An individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern. Arguing by example is considered reliable if examples are demonstrably true or factual as well as relevant.
Explication—The act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. Explication usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.
Exposition—Background information provided by a writer to enhance a reader's understanding of the context of a fictional or nonfictional story.

Notable person

Macario Sakay y de León (c. 1870/8 – September 13, 1907) was a Filipino general who took part in the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire and in the Philippine-American War. After the war was declared over by the United States in 1902, Sakay continued resistance and the following year became President of the Republic of Katagalugan.

MGA SAGISAG-PANULAT NG MGA PILIPINONG MANUNULAT

● Emilio Aguinaldo – Rosalia Magdalo, Magdalo

● Virgilio Almario – Rio Alma

● Cecilio Apostol – Catulo, Calipso and Calypso

● Francisco Baltazar – Balagtas

● Andres Bonifacio – Agapito Bagumbayan, Maypagasa, Magdiwang

● Felipe Calderon – Simoun, Elias

● Florentino Collantes – Kuntil-butil

● Jose Corazon de Jesus – Huseng Batute, Pusong Hapis, Luksang Paruparo

● Jose dela Cruz – Huseng Sisiw

● Epifanio delos Santos – G. Solon

● Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez – N.V.M. Gonzalez

● Marcelo H. del Pilar – Plaridel, Dolores Manapat, Piping Dilat, Siling Labuyo

● Severino Reyes – Lola Basyang

● Fernando Ma. Guerrero – Fluvio Gil, Florisel

● Amado Hernandez – Amante Ernani, Herninia de la Riva, Julio Abril

● Emilio Jacinto – Dimas-ilaw, Pingkian

● Nick Joaquin – Quijano de Manila

● Graciano Lopez Jaena – Bolivar, Diego Laura

● Antonio Luna – Taga-ilog

● Juan Luna – J.B., Buan

● Apolinario Mabini – Bini, Paralitiko, Katabay

● Jose Palma – Anahaw, Esteban Estebanes, Gan Hantik

● Jose Maria Panganiban – Jomapa, J.M.P.

● Pascual H. Poblete – Anak-bayan

● Mariano Ponce – Nanding, Tikbalang, Kalipulako

● Jose Rizal – Dimas-alang, Laong-laan, Agno

● Lope K. Santos – Anak-bayan, Doktor Lukas, Lakandalita

● Pio Valenzuela – Madlang-awa

● Jose Garcia Villa – Doveglion

The Father of Philippine Folklore - E. Arsenio Manuel, Manuel, E. Arsenio

The Father of Tagalog Zarzuela and The Father of Philippine Zarzuela – Hermogenes Ilagan

The Father of Cebuano letters & The Father of Cebuano Language – Vicente Sotto

The Father of the Tagalog Short Story - Deogracias Rosario

The Father of Tagalog comics – Antonio “Tony” Velasquez

The Father of Ilocano literature - Pedro Bucaneg

Father of Modern Tagalog Poetry & Father of Modern Tagalog Prose - Alejandro abadilla

Father of Philippine Linguistics- Cecilio Lopez

Father of Filipino-American Literature - Carlos Bulosan

Father of Philippine National Anthem - Julian Felipe Father of Philippine Journalism

Father of Philippine Masonry - Marcelo del Pilar

Father of Philippine Revolution

the Father of the Katipunan - Andres Bonifacio

Father of Philippine Independence, Father of the Philippine Republic,

Father of the Philippine National Language - Manuel L. Quezon

Father of Philippine Local Autonomy

Father of the Local Government Code and the Cooperative Code - Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel, Jr.

Father of Geothermal Development - Arturo Alcaraz

Father of the Philippine Archipelagic Doctrine - Arturo M. Tolentino

Father of Philippine Endocrinology - Dr. Augusto D. Litonjua

Father of Overseas Employment - Blas Ople

Father of the Filipino First Policy - Carlos P. Garcia

Father of R.A. 7171 (Tobacco Excise Tax Law) - Chavit Singson

Father of the Philippine Constitution - Claro M. Recto

Father of the Philippine Trade Union Movement - Crisanto Evangelista

Father of the Philippine Career Foreign Service Corps - Diosdado Macapagal

Father of Philippine Photography - Eduardo Masferre

Father of Philippine Industry - Elpidio Quirino

Father of the Philippine Army Special Forces - Fidel Ramos

Father of Tagalog Dialect & Father of the Tagalog Poem - Francisco Balagtas

Father of Poultry Science in the Philippines - Dr. Francisco M. Fronda

Father of Modern Philippine Ophthalmology - Dr. Geminiano T. De Ocampo

Father of Philippine Cinema - Gerardo de Leon Father of Philippine Surgery - Dr. Gregorio Singian

Father of Rehabilitation Medicine in the Philippines & Father of the College of Allied Medical Professions - Guillermo Damian

Father of Philippine Retailing - Henry Sy, Sr.

Father of Public Health in the Philippines - Hilario Lara

Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture - Ildefonso Santos

Father of Philippine Labor Union Movement, Father of the Philippine Socialism, & Father of Ilocano Journalism - - Isabelo de los Reyes

Father of Pinoy Rock - Joey "Pepe" Smith

Father of the Philippine Workmen's Compensation Law - Jose Avelino

Father of the Philippine Pharmaceutical Industry - Jose Y. Campos

Father of Philippine Movies - Jose Nepumuceno

Father of Philippine Nationalism, Father of Modern Tagalog Orthography, & Father of Philippine Children’s Literature - Jose Rizal

Father of the Masses - Joseph Estrada

Father of Philippine Liberalism - Jovito Salonga

Father of the Nationalistic Film - Julian Manansala

Father of Philippine Pharmacy - Dr. Leon Ma. Guerrero

Father of Philippine Jazz - Lito Molina Father of Manila City Charter - Macario Adriatico

Father of Philippine Independence, Father of the Philippine Republic, & Father of the Philippine National Language - Manuel L. Quezon

Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture - Napoleon Abueva

Father of Philippine Sonata - Nicanor Abelardo

Father of the Philippine Rice Breeding Program - Dr. Pedro Escuro

Father of Filipino America - Philip Vera Cruz

Father of Anesthesia in the Philippines - Dr. Quintin J. Gomez

Father of Modern Arnis - Remy Amador Presas

Father of Philippine Email - Roberto Verzola

Father of Philippine Housing - Rodolfo Biazon

Father of Philippine Franchising - Samie Lim

Father of Philippine Neurosurgery - Dr. Victor A. Reyes

Father of the Philippine Internet - William Torres

The Father of Trigonometry - Hipparchus of Nicaea

The Father of Oceanography and Naval Metereology - Matthew Fontaine Maury

The Father of Zoology - Aristotle The Father of Logic - Aristotle

The Father of Mathematics – Archimedes

The Father of Ecology - Alexander von Humboldt

The Father of Botany – Theophrastus

The Father of Ethics - Socrates

The Father of Ancient Greek Philosophy - Thales of Miletus

The Father of Periodic Table - Dmitri Mendeleev

The Father of Biology – Aristotle The Father of Anatomy - Herophilus of Alexandria

The Father of Modern Medicine - Hippocrates

The Father of Geometry – Euclid

The Father of History – Herodotus

The Father of Trigonometry - Aryabhata Hipparchus

The Father of Genetics – Gregor Mendel, William Bateson

The Father of Microbiology - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

The Father of Neuroscience - Santiago Ramón y Cajal

The Father of Taxonomy - Carolus Linnaeus

The Father of Modern Biochemistry - Carl Alexander Neuberg

The Father of Early Chemistry - Jabir ("Geber") ibn Hayyan

The Father of Modern Chemistry - Antoine Lavoisier, Robert Boyle, Jöns Berzelius, John Dalton

The Father of statistics - Sir

KNOW YOUR BODY:
Some Facts About Human Body
=======================
Number of bones - 206                                                               Largest organ - Skin
Number of muscles – 639                                        Largest gland - Liver
Number of kidneys - 2                                                                 Smallest cell - Blood cell
Number of milk teeth – 20                                      Smallest bone - Stapes
Number of ribs - 24 (12 pairs)                                                   Biggest cell - Egg cell (ovum)
Number of chambers in the heart – 4                                    First transplanted organ - Heart
Largest artery - Aorta                                                                   Average length of small intestine - 7 m
Normal Blood pressure - 120 – 80                         Average length of large intestine - 1.5 m
PH of blood - 7.4                                                          Average weight of new born baby - 2.6 kg.
Number of bones in New born body – 300        Pulse rate in one minute - 72 times
Number of vertebrae in the spine – 33                                  Body Temperature - 36.9o C (98.4o F)
Number of vertebrae in the Neck – 7                                    Average blood volume - 4 - 5 liters
Number of bones in Face – 14                                                 Average life of RBC - 120 days
Number of bones in Skull – 22                                                 Pregnancy period - 280 days
umber of bones in Chest – 25                                                   Largest endocrine gland - Thyroid
Number of bones in Arms – 6                                                   Largest cell - Nerve cell
Number of bones in human foot – 33                                    Largest part of brain - Cerebrum
Number of bones in each wrist – 8                       Largest lymphatic organ - Spleen
Number of bones in hand – 27                                                 Largest & strongest bone - Femur
Number of bones in each human ear – 3                             Smallest muscle - Stapedius (Middle ear )
Number of muscles in the human arm – 72      Largest muscle - Buttock (Gluteus Maximus)
Number of chromosomes in human cell - 46 (23pairs)

Comments

muhammadaliAugust 18, 2021 at 12:26 AM
This Sisense training will help you learn Sisense Architecture and Installation of Sisense. You will also learn how to create and use a dashboard and how to manage and share a dashboard. The concept of Elasticube manager will also be explained in detail apart from Sisense Pulse & Alerting. sisense course
Edward foxMarch 10, 2022 at 12:19 AM
cert forum the best and the brightest in this brave new world will take a new and improved educational paradigm. Allowing our educational tools to age in the corner of the classroom will be the mistake that may cost us our future. Throwing away masses of children to inequitable access will ensure that we languish at the bottom of the global pool of employable workers for decades to come.
jazbaApril 15, 2022 at 4:39 AM
https://sites.google.com/site/ytviewsindiabuy/ When you are talking about role-playing games for the PC, it is hard to pin down what the 'best' game is. There are a lot of great games in a lot of different genres. So if you are trying to find out what the best RPG games for PC are, you may not be able to pin down one particular game as the best. However, there are definitely common attributes that make up the best games out there and they are story, playability, and appearance.
fareedMay 28, 2022 at 12:25 AM
Great article Lot's of information to Read...Great Man Keep Posting and update to People..Thanks https://leadershipblogs.wixsite.com/leadership-training/post/corporate-training-singapore
CertExamsJune 19, 2024 at 6:14 AM
Very informative and educational. Did you check free exam mods that can be used with ? One can make one's exam mods and publish with the simexams.com exam engine.

Kayod Marino

Search This Blog

Professional Education Set S

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

CSE Reviewer Set A

General Education Set C